tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56162793445299723462024-03-17T20:04:17.238-07:00Vancouver HunterGrowing up in Vancouver I had never held or fired a firearm until 2012. This blog is about the journey from being like most Canadians and Vancouverites, and knowing only what I had seen in movies and on TV about firearms and hunting, to someone who spends weekends at the range and weeks in the bush hunting... oh, and also it's about the food along the way!Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.comBlogger73125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-14177085326242564892021-06-04T08:56:00.003-07:002021-06-04T08:56:33.094-07:00Moose Short Rib Japanese Curry<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOEjaEJJs7CvP6yJ3c6kbfxjkGaLuWg64jwStAKGm3lAEG6nGgSIsozsF15TEUgugO_8vKtEqDpntrgkgc4PEZMdOzankfIFjsOy3lnYIkohE7L0HB6A_MV8qFQoeZECHBO_BYw_1n6ARy/s1600/IMG_2430+-+Copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOEjaEJJs7CvP6yJ3c6kbfxjkGaLuWg64jwStAKGm3lAEG6nGgSIsozsF15TEUgugO_8vKtEqDpntrgkgc4PEZMdOzankfIFjsOy3lnYIkohE7L0HB6A_MV8qFQoeZECHBO_BYw_1n6ARy/w640-h480/IMG_2430+-+Copy.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Japanese curry is something I was introduced to years ago and it has since become one of my easy favourites. It is basically a spicy stew with a thick gravy. You can buy the Glico Japanese curry blocks at most grocery stores these days, usually in the Asian food aisle. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Ingredients</h2><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 2-3 lbs of short ribs or cubed meat</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 1 pack of Glico curry. (mild is shown here, but there is medium and hot as well)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 1 pack of baby carrots</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 1 pack of mini potatoes</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 3-4 cloves of garlic</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">- 2 cups of Japanese short grain rice</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Steps</h3><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">1) Medium dice the onion and garlic.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">2) Line the bottom of the slow cooker with the onion and garlic</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">3) Put the meat into the slow cooker</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">4) Half the baby carrots and potatoes and add to the slow cooker</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">5) Cut the curry blocks into small pieces and add to the slow cooker.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">6) Fill slow cooker with water until the ingredients are just barely covered.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">7) Turn on slow cooker on low and wait until it is ready (10-12 hours)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">8) Once the slow cooker is finished cooking, make the rice. First, rinse the rice until the water is clear. Then add it to a rice cooker with 3 cups of water. If you want to make less rice, just remember the proportion of about 1 cup rice to 1.5 cups water.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-9451212154147386812021-03-29T11:09:00.000-07:002021-03-29T11:09:22.928-07:00Article: Backcountry rodeo: scientists and Indigenous guardians net caribou from the sky<p><a href="https://thenarwhal.ca/backcountry-rodeo-scientists-and-indigenous-guardians-net-caribou-from-the-sky/">https://thenarwhal.ca/backcountry-rodeo-scientists-and-indigenous-guardians-net-caribou-from-the-sky/</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizOzxj5hiJcxHBJIy659HkDSmaNrIkgnWFaWDZmdZkqlbE_ZvJ3GMmn9azdhxAuqteGcVordt2VKKw4_LsPX6uhghQATkZ341agfGwATUBRsKBfOs0TFAMPorpMWcZsuqgXXWcL6FUOoBt/s1400/Backcountry-Rodeo-Tseneglode-caribou-Tahltan-1D203301-1-1400x934.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="934" data-original-width="1400" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizOzxj5hiJcxHBJIy659HkDSmaNrIkgnWFaWDZmdZkqlbE_ZvJ3GMmn9azdhxAuqteGcVordt2VKKw4_LsPX6uhghQATkZ341agfGwATUBRsKBfOs0TFAMPorpMWcZsuqgXXWcL6FUOoBt/w640-h426/Backcountry-Rodeo-Tseneglode-caribou-Tahltan-1D203301-1-1400x934.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; font-family: "Segoe UI Historic", "Segoe UI", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Vancouver Hunter: Great read. Happy to see collaborative management of Caribou between the Tahltan Nation and BC government biologists. We as hunters need to talk to our elected officials and ask them to find more funds for protecting habitat and wildlife.</span></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><i><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">The four-year-old <a href="https://thenarwhal.ca/topics/endangered-caribou-canada/" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #ff4438; text-decoration-line: none;">caribou</a> is still on her feet, kicking and bucking like a Stampede bronc, as Clements Brace and Conrad Thiessen scramble toward her through the late October snow.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></i></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>There’s a thin white mist drifting over the ground from the rotor wash of the capture helicopter, but from the open door of a second chopper hovering a few hundred feet above, we have a clear view of the action. With her head and forelegs tangled in a bright orange net, the struggling caribou twists and stumbles as Thiessen, a wildlife biologist with the British Columbia government, quickly closes in. Brace, a camo-clad Indigenous guardian from the Tahltan Nation, runs a few steps behind.</i></span></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>They dodge sideways to avoid a lunge of the caribou’s antlers before swiftly stepping to her side, tackling her by the head and shoulders and muscling her to the ground. The two men have her controlled within seconds, and then we’re banking and dropping, the barren mountains tilting precipitously on the horizon as our pilot spirals down to land.</i></span></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><i>Read the rest of the story here:</i></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://thenarwhal.ca/backcountry-rodeo-scientists-and-indigenous-guardians-net-caribou-from-the-sky/" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">https://thenarwhal.ca/backcountry-rodeo-scientists-and-indigenous-guardians-net-caribou-from-the-sky/</a></span></p><p class="selectionShareable" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3e3c39; font-family: cordale, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></p>Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-73766097725596412802020-02-17T11:46:00.000-08:002020-02-17T11:46:52.177-08:00Deer Heart<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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I can honestly say that I was apprehensive about eating heart. I don't know why. Perhaps it was because, other than liver, I have never really eaten much organ meat. After hearing so many people describe how delicious it is, I decided to give heart a try. I was not disappointed.<br />
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The heart I prepared was from my last white tailed deer, a smaller 3x3 buck. I followed the simple preparation outlined by MeatEater, both online and in their book, "The Complete Guide to Hunting, Butchering and Cooking Wild Game".<br />
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The result was the most tender and flavourful meat I have ever eaten. It has the mouth feel of a perfectly cooked prawn, firm, but with a tender pop as you bite in. The flavour was like a perfectly cooked marbled steak. After just a few bites, I realized how special and unique eating heart was.<br />
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Without any doubt, the heart it is one of the best parts of the deer to eat. I would never pass up another chance at a heart. It completely blew my mind. How has it taken me this long to discover how awesome heart tastes!?<br />
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Ingredients:</h3>
-1 Heart<br />
-Flour<br />
-Salt<br />
-Pepper<br />
-Oil<br />
-Ketchup <br />
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1) Cap and core the heart like you are preparing a bell pepper.<br />
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2) Slice into half inch thick cross sections. Trim and clean up pieces. <br />
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3) Prepare seasoned flour for dredging with salt and pepper. <br />
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4) Heat a few tablespoons of oil over medium high heat in a skillet.<br />
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5) Dredge pieces in flour and fry. Do not crowd pan.<br />
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6) Cook until golden brown on both sides. <br />
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7) Serve with ketchup. Enjoy!!!Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-61703210546463534742020-01-16T13:10:00.001-08:002020-01-16T14:56:25.584-08:00Resources for New HuntersFrom time to time I get asked by friends who know someone who is interested in learning more about hunting to recommend where they should start. If you know where to look, there are lots of great resources for new hunters and hunting curious people.<br />
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I'll break this down into 3 categories, hunting curious people, hunter education, and new hunters.<br />
<h2>
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</h2>
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
Resources for Hunting Curious People</h2>
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If you didn't grow up around hunting, you may have negative preconceptions or concerns about hunting. I know I did. Also, the whole idea of hiking through the woods and shooting an animal might seem completely scary or foreign, not to mention the whole idea of gutting and butchering.<br />
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<h3>
Why do you hunt?</h3>
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Why I hunt comes down to food and being outdoors. It is very hard to explain how, in spite of camping and hiking for my whole life, it wasn't until I became a hunter that I really felt I fully appreciated BC's nature and beauty. Learning about animals and their habitat, and then spending the long weeks in their world that it takes to have a chance to harvest one is unlike any other experience. The best part of it all is being able to cook and share meals with friends, while telling the story of the adventure that made that meal possible.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp9zR5-2McorBVCCE1moUvbWxXSzXvJ4ajOLJejigngDyq_FQ6w1p5UW7bChiYGxAopdQ4tyJ-02eE9hBEhsgaGJ8yVvYrTo4gNqdae5xU4pVm0OzoHnpKrlJ3QXId_80INbEDq1aVwl7h/s1600/IMG_9194.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp9zR5-2McorBVCCE1moUvbWxXSzXvJ4ajOLJejigngDyq_FQ6w1p5UW7bChiYGxAopdQ4tyJ-02eE9hBEhsgaGJ8yVvYrTo4gNqdae5xU4pVm0OzoHnpKrlJ3QXId_80INbEDq1aVwl7h/s320/IMG_9194.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Venison Osso Buco</td></tr>
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There are many reasons why people hunt. For some tradition plays a role, for others food is a great incentive, but I think for all hunters, it is because they love being in nature and how rewarding the whole experience is. One thing is for sure, it's hard to put it in words. 1Campfire does a great job of distilling all of that into a couple of short videos.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCHzfi5nR7vFSdAdo9sTy9QU2YNUq4zk6JhTK8p7DKrAOxJMT8nL_eQeASyP377hEzwHAc6KdvuGj92JV8qHiAYhM7BEANqFmQXGr-HXbCE06-0tQ39JTwFtKFng5qPZow6W6OMEEBoQ33/s1600/unnamed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCHzfi5nR7vFSdAdo9sTy9QU2YNUq4zk6JhTK8p7DKrAOxJMT8nL_eQeASyP377hEzwHAc6KdvuGj92JV8qHiAYhM7BEANqFmQXGr-HXbCE06-0tQ39JTwFtKFng5qPZow6W6OMEEBoQ33/s1600/unnamed.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1campfire.com/videos/">1campfire.com</a></td></tr>
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<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
What is hunting like?</h3>
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Many people have concerns about hunting that stem from when the worst of the worst ends up on the 6 o'clock news. Yes, there are slob hunters out there who are just yahoo-macho-rednecks with guns. They make us all look bad and, unfortunately, a lot of hunting TV is targeted to them. So, please don't let most hunting TV shows give you the impression about what hunting is really like. However, there are a couple shows which portray hunting in a way most hunters I know aspire to emulate and practice.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZfX5JP4O_iviriUqNHBKVrVRKjr_VtbMpJTpFt01NdYtOzWUJdGCu6OWOUJ7JkE7rPlV2_-kaUu6gziIpkll89ZGmNPhmDYNkCapTA5faW5Vy8SKGhyJI3uO6ePxrKqOW9TaxAsn9ZSr/s1600/MeatEater1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDZfX5JP4O_iviriUqNHBKVrVRKjr_VtbMpJTpFt01NdYtOzWUJdGCu6OWOUJ7JkE7rPlV2_-kaUu6gziIpkll89ZGmNPhmDYNkCapTA5faW5Vy8SKGhyJI3uO6ePxrKqOW9TaxAsn9ZSr/s320/MeatEater1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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MeatEater on Netflix - The best of the best. It shows hunting for what it is at the highest level of ethics, conservation, and passion about nature. This is the way everyone I know strives to hunt. If you want to get an idea of what it's like to go hunting, check out this show.<br />
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Other notable shows: Solo Hunter<br />
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<h3>
Do you care about animals?</h3>
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It may seem reasonable to assume that because hunters kill animals that they don't care about them. Nothing could be further from the truth. Hunters are the loudest and most persistent advocates for protecting and restoring habitat and wildlife populations. After spending months or years of one's lifetime in nature, close to animals, it is impossible not to develop a deep passion for protecting the beauty and wildness of untouched places. A lot of hunters put a lot of time into conservation, political advocacy, and boots on the ground work to restore habitat and help scientists. A great example is the new Faces of Wildlife podcast. It highlights important conservation issues and just so happens to be hosted by hunters.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3kgWhyphenhyphenQc2fgxesIFeCetbPnzZVm6iAjtm7XXEeJtyFhL4rcII3tCdQ9n0UHi7pUQ4iYN8hcEQ37KqQCnAIE65Q93gqf82yHnhyphenhyphenwuKw-vxK4WcjnubqqVon0B0eMXBcEPTB4GalNzmMPn/s1600/CaptureFaces.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA3kgWhyphenhyphenQc2fgxesIFeCetbPnzZVm6iAjtm7XXEeJtyFhL4rcII3tCdQ9n0UHi7pUQ4iYN8hcEQ37KqQCnAIE65Q93gqf82yHnhyphenhyphenwuKw-vxK4WcjnubqqVon0B0eMXBcEPTB4GalNzmMPn/s320/CaptureFaces.JPG" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/ca/podcast/faces-of-wildlife/id1469972738">Faces of Wildlife Podcast</a></td></tr>
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<h3>
Are There Rules You Have to Follow?</h3>
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It's not obvious to many non-hunters that there are rules that hunters must follow. Broadly speaking, there are two sets of rules that hunters must follow. These are the hunting and trapping regulations and Canada's firearms regulations if you plan to hunt with a firearm rather than a bow.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3lGAwvRo3qXl-La8vco7ausM0ql6XE3OlRPOdYhO8qK1eirsQPx1HxSbBD60S1p45coxGCDgrW4KeNKk_H_HZB5928-JM0JyXEHgvULU_oEv1an9H2ORjN4gatdfTJBVgkqjyyKsmVKbE/s1600/thumb.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="779" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3lGAwvRo3qXl-La8vco7ausM0ql6XE3OlRPOdYhO8qK1eirsQPx1HxSbBD60S1p45coxGCDgrW4KeNKk_H_HZB5928-JM0JyXEHgvULU_oEv1an9H2ORjN4gatdfTJBVgkqjyyKsmVKbE/s400/thumb.png" width="308" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/sports-recreation-arts-and-culture/outdoor-recreation/fishing-and-hunting/hunting/regulations/2018-2020/trapping.pdf">Download here</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Canada's firearms licensing and regulations are complex and more information can be found here: <a href="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms">http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/firearms</a><br />
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<h2>
Hunter Education</h2>
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<h3>
Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Education (CORE)</h3>
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To become a hunter, you must take a course called the Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Education (CORE) program. This course teaches all the basics of the current hunting regulations as well as basic outdoor safety and survival. Additionally, this course teaches you where to find and look up the latest changes in the regulations.<br />
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Many organizations and groups offer the CORE program. You can find a local examiner or organization through the BC Wildlife Federation (BCWF)<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzLvJ0r_xN-Ro-sRvMjRaqdX5GrAv_1ufK31kOuAMx4aCskpmvMdp0gGAwC-3xY3npseZrM3UzNWddXUm4xdLn9G09M9dKbpBRWyknVZsIh4A4CClxcTUBvOZNwRIITE25MqFyMprPTaU2/s1600/CoStorePic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="759" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzLvJ0r_xN-Ro-sRvMjRaqdX5GrAv_1ufK31kOuAMx4aCskpmvMdp0gGAwC-3xY3npseZrM3UzNWddXUm4xdLn9G09M9dKbpBRWyknVZsIh4A4CClxcTUBvOZNwRIITE25MqFyMprPTaU2/s320/CoStorePic.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://bcwf.bc.ca/core/">https://bcwf.bc.ca/core/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
It is also worth checking out EatWild. They offer the CORE and PAL course, as well as many other outdoor education and hunter skills courses.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5qAxP2f1GPOJ-khLM0m0PJZE777PLWlVVbzhnH6dew0bbD-GOrECI0tc2mO7356GQowS_I22sQpYMZL1H1AKEHNheBknepPgHgaVDpA4tCUgE2veAAGkrL8GU3_KKtvvuggqP8rZ2n2t/s1600/eatwild_logo3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5qAxP2f1GPOJ-khLM0m0PJZE777PLWlVVbzhnH6dew0bbD-GOrECI0tc2mO7356GQowS_I22sQpYMZL1H1AKEHNheBknepPgHgaVDpA4tCUgE2veAAGkrL8GU3_KKtvvuggqP8rZ2n2t/s1600/eatwild_logo3.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span id="goog_826875813"></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/"></a><span id="goog_826875814"></span><a href="https://www.eatwild.ca/">https://www.eatwild.ca/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL)</h3>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhm9rvUn48ZRp3sCjvTtik24bqs6VjMJZjoYfqhtPKzIaIPVwp1Aasx4_UHfqoSGBTLFZpJ1xUKkpAio0_GvszHWsZ_FkcgUMHuTZWeFslWCJP3DUm8MelyGSBRIXjDNzQ8AmyKwNIY_3/s1600/Canadian-Firearms-License.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="350" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuhm9rvUn48ZRp3sCjvTtik24bqs6VjMJZjoYfqhtPKzIaIPVwp1Aasx4_UHfqoSGBTLFZpJ1xUKkpAio0_GvszHWsZ_FkcgUMHuTZWeFslWCJP3DUm8MelyGSBRIXjDNzQ8AmyKwNIY_3/s320/Canadian-Firearms-License.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL) is the licence a person must obtain to own firearms in Canada. Many organizations offer the firearms safety course required to apply for a PAL. I recommend that you take a course that includes not only non-restricted firearms (rifles and shotguns), but also restricted firearms (handguns and some specifically restricted rifles). The addition of the restricted firearms to the course is only a few additional hours and marginal increase in cost, but it will help you become more versed in firearms safety and also means that you don't have to take the whole course again if you decide to take up target shooting with handguns.<br />
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<h2>
New Hunters</h2>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Vancouver Hunter</h3>
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Haha! You're already in the right place!<br />
My most useful posts for new hunters are likely:<br />
<a href="http://www.vancouverhunter.com/2018/08/first-hunting-trip-and-gear-list-part-1.html">First Hunting Trip and Gear List Part 1: Looking After Yourself</a><br />
<a href="http://www.vancouverhunter.com/2019/08/first-hunting-trip-and-gear-list-part-2.html">First Hunting Trip and Gear List Part 2: Hunting Essentials </a><br />
<a href="http://www.vancouverhunter.com/2019/07/choosing-your-first-hunting-rifle.html">Choosing Your First Hunting Rifle </a><br />
<br />
<h3>
Conservation Groups</h3>
<br />
For several years I tried to get involved with conservation and meet fellow hunters through various groups. I tried my fish and game club, the BCWF, and the Wild Sheep Society of BC. For whatever reason, it never seemed to work out that I could get involved with something my speed until I went to a pint night with the BC chapter of Backcountry Hunters and Anglers. The BCBHA holds monthly pint-nights across BC which is a great way to get connected with other hunters, make friends, and dip your toes into conservation with a very low barrier to entry. To quote Jenny Ly (BHA and Chasing Food Club), "I found my people" when I joined the BCBHA and started attending their monthly pint nights. <br />
<br />
The Region 2 (Lower Mainland) pint night is always the last Thrusday of the month at 7:00pm. It is usually held at the Burnaby Lakes Rugby Club unless there is a special event (like this January 2020) because they have space to have a meeting while also having a pretty selection of beer. Come check it out and meet hunters!<br />
<br />
This month the BCBHA has organized a live podcast instead of the usual pint night. The event is Jan 30, 2020, 7:00pm. See the event poster and click the link below for tickets.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLQYBErroS1HTITo6XHDx3dy5ArDms-gFHux31rvo6WeuNw0eIKuUyq5LMXW15MORJBnb6eM2j-co3F22gNtkeYx6F5MCAi8h7D4JTYjMMo8bfYA94IuVfXmmOxBChI1PoGiAtfQgaySz/s1600/81498919_3296511800375930_4468166593855094784_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicLQYBErroS1HTITo6XHDx3dy5ArDms-gFHux31rvo6WeuNw0eIKuUyq5LMXW15MORJBnb6eM2j-co3F22gNtkeYx6F5MCAi8h7D4JTYjMMo8bfYA94IuVfXmmOxBChI1PoGiAtfQgaySz/s640/81498919_3296511800375930_4468166593855094784_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/live-podcast-why-is-hunting-so-hard-tickets-87743933467?aff=ebdssbdestsearch">Click here to buy tickets</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<h3>
Podcasts</h3>
<br />
Podcasts are downloaded radio programs that you can listen to on your smartphone while you're driving or working. There are many great podcasts that I listen to regularly to stay up to date on hunting issues. In fact, there are too many to listen to them all.<br />
<br />
My top favourites are:<br />
<br />
Rookie Hunter Podcast - Hunting from a new hunter in BC perspective<br />
EatWild Podcast - Conservation and hunting education in BC<br />
Faces of Wildlife Podcast - Conservation in BC <br />
MeatEater Podcast - Conservation and hunting topics mostly in the US<br />
Cutting the Distance Podcast -Tips and Tactics for hunting from an Expert<br />
Cal's Week In Review - Conservation news from across North America<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywnwRcz1Wi-oc1VWjD1SXLgrVbl6svoQI1SACy3gJVCdCbManAP-ZW3Ee3YJ-zhPGdsjkRY_w8t6K0ttCOQ5EOK4zrjWabaZVSd7WBZU4lcPZglQ82_t6aAeuOiG9utHZ9JRUUU7U5rFX/s1600/Cutting-the-Distance-Remi-Warren.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiywnwRcz1Wi-oc1VWjD1SXLgrVbl6svoQI1SACy3gJVCdCbManAP-ZW3Ee3YJ-zhPGdsjkRY_w8t6K0ttCOQ5EOK4zrjWabaZVSd7WBZU4lcPZglQ82_t6aAeuOiG9utHZ9JRUUU7U5rFX/s320/Cutting-the-Distance-Remi-Warren.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.themeateater.com/listen/cutting-the-distance">https://www.themeateater.com/listen/cutting-the-distance</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3>
YouTube</h3>
<br />
I use YouTube for learning to call moose and elk, as well as tips for field skills like field dressing game. Type in the skill you want to learn and you'll likely find a very helpful video.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
Books</h3>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj43-46O2AblXJiCH4g2gn_pR21RQzhUipCWM4cEPoi0dTtfR2ZmmgbkJ98xSCKdpmUe7f2rF64nrtRDgW7ih3kM_0X9_RtR-R5dH7i30rDI8PXX56OjiHCpa6TplyAiWtVcpucgbGQX-HZ/s1600/MeatEater3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj43-46O2AblXJiCH4g2gn_pR21RQzhUipCWM4cEPoi0dTtfR2ZmmgbkJ98xSCKdpmUe7f2rF64nrtRDgW7ih3kM_0X9_RtR-R5dH7i30rDI8PXX56OjiHCpa6TplyAiWtVcpucgbGQX-HZ/s320/MeatEater3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Between the CORE program course manual and the Hunting, Butchering, and Cooking Wild Game book by Steven Rinella, you have most of your hunter skills covered in great detail.<br />
<br />
It is also worth purchasing the Backroads Mapbooks for anywhere you plan on hunting. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Magazines</h3>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPA_bTHwhW-WZZAElHaFFTwP9F6vTN2F462Jb_2hbW36E2FxdWkm7woXgq_nBXoROpPwCHGfbg5QZ9-g7LFEKk-7VaPiyYAb4JhEfmHno9nhoDH9z1SUrxO1cAY7Hb5Eif3dZ4T5OyvVbS/s1600/bco-cover-fan-shopify-2019_1024x1024.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="1024" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPA_bTHwhW-WZZAElHaFFTwP9F6vTN2F462Jb_2hbW36E2FxdWkm7woXgq_nBXoROpPwCHGfbg5QZ9-g7LFEKk-7VaPiyYAb4JhEfmHno9nhoDH9z1SUrxO1cAY7Hb5Eif3dZ4T5OyvVbS/s320/bco-cover-fan-shopify-2019_1024x1024.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.bcoutdoorsmagazine.com/">https://www.bcoutdoorsmagazine.com/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
BC Outdoors magazine is probably the best and most useful magazine when it comes to resources for hunters. There is also:<br />
<br />
Backcountry Journal <a href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/tags/backcountry_journal">https://www.backcountryhunters.org/tags/backcountry_journal</a><br />
<br />
Journal of Mountain Hunting <a href="https://journalofmountainhunting.com/">https://journalofmountainhunting.com/</a><br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Other Blogs and Instagram</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
Blogs and Instagram are another great way to learn abotu hunting and get involved. Definitely check out these: <br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.chasingfood.club/">Chasing Food Club</a><br />
<br />
Chris Pryn on Instagram<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
Final Thoughts</h3>
<br />
Everyone is connected to wildlife, whether or not they are aware of it. Roads, power lines, pipelines, train tracks, and all of our houses exist in the habitat of BC's fish and wildlife. Becoming a hunter makes you acutely aware of our impact and connection with nature. I hope more and more people are able to experience and enjoy the outdoors in BC and gain an appreciation for this special place we live.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-36311853369814829972020-01-03T12:04:00.000-08:002020-01-03T12:04:25.940-08:00Have your say on BC Wildlife by Jan 9th at 4pm!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7EfQfwLnfGaausVr0x-2EjaINFhDvc89wgySmzI9T-mLzCv034KsV5nThToaRFYZKpXO3J1sRgSe0lrjrWe1prl4FdxrMElQvuuPRqTcQzBnuEqbN1AZ7df8Cygc5Dgme-3VqLA79IcN/s1600/TogetherForWildlife.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="951" data-original-width="738" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7EfQfwLnfGaausVr0x-2EjaINFhDvc89wgySmzI9T-mLzCv034KsV5nThToaRFYZKpXO3J1sRgSe0lrjrWe1prl4FdxrMElQvuuPRqTcQzBnuEqbN1AZ7df8Cygc5Dgme-3VqLA79IcN/s640/TogetherForWildlife.PNG" width="496" /></a></div>
<br />
<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/">https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/</a><br />
<br />
The comment deadline is January 9th at 4:00pm<br />
<br />
Vancouver Hunter responded with the following commentary:<br />
<br />
1) Deadlines for action to protect habitat and begin restoring fish and wildlife populations are too far in the future, beyond 2021 and some even after 2025. This pushes the start date to take action until after the next election. It is not sufficient just to continue to make committees and monitor declines in wildlife and fish populations which are in crisis.<br />
<br />
2) Dedicated funding from allocating 100% of hunting licence fees to conservation was a campaign promise by the NDP in the last election and they have not followed through. I would support a reasonable increase in licence fees once 100% of fees are dedicated to conservation.<br />
<br />
3) We need to end the professional reliance model where resource companies get to hire their own experts to sign off on resource extraction. This is a conflict of interest which leads to wildlife populations suffering.<br />
<br />
4) We need quarterly and annual reports with facts and figures, showing objectives and funding, successes and failures, as we try to reverse the declines of wildlife populations.<br />
<br />
5) We need per capita funding comparable to US states which are enjoying wildlife population increases due to well managed habitat. This means finding funding to grow the provincial budget from approximately $34 million to between $150 million and $250 million spent on conservation, habitat improvement, and wildlife management. <br />
<br />
<br />
<i>B.C.’s diversity of wildlife provides many environmental, cultural, social, and economic benefits to all British Columbians.</i><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><em>The Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural
Development has adopted a four-phase engagement process to develop a
new and improved wildlife management and habitat conservation strategy
for British Columbia. The ministry collaborated with Indigenous peoples,
rural communities, wildlife organizations, natural resource development
industry stakeholders, and the public to develop the draft strategy,
called Together for Wildlife.</em><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i>The first phase of engagement was held from May 22 to July 31, 2018.
We received over 1,100 comments through the website discussion and close
to 50 written submissions. You can read the <a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/read-the-archived-discussion/">archived public comments</a>, <a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/written-submissions/">written submissions</a>, and “<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/what-we-heard-reports/">what we heard reports</a>” on this site.</i><br />
<i>
</i><i>The second phase of engagement focused on collaborative policy
development from December 2018 to October 2019. During this phase, we
worked closely with a newly established B.C.-First Nation Wildlife Forum
and stakeholders from a range of sectors to identify priority policy
options for the government to consider. This phase of engagement
involved monthly meetings with the B.C.-First Nation Wildlife Forum, and
a series of webinars and workshops with stakeholders. You can read
more about the results of this engagement on the <u><a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/phase-2-analysis-and-collaborative-policy-development/">Phase 2 Engagement page</a>.</u></i><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><em>During the third phase of engagement, we are checking in with all
First Nations in B.C., as well as with stakeholders and the general
public, to make sure that the right actions are identified in the draft Together for Wildlife strategy.
This phase began with workshops with the B.C.-First Nation Wildlife
Forum and stakeholders in October 2019, and is continuing with broader
engagement in fall 2019. You can review the draft strategy and provide
input on the <u><a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/currentengagement/">Current Engagement page</a>. </u></em><br />
<br />
<i>
</i><i>The fourth and final phase of this initiative will be implementation
of the strategy. Although full implementation is targeted for Spring
2020, aspects of the strategy are being implemented throughout all
phases of this initiative.</i>Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-72813090564120154852019-08-21T21:43:00.000-07:002019-08-21T21:43:45.801-07:00Don't Laugh, But Crocs are the Best!I love my Crocs so much that they deserve their own post. I'm not going to lie and claim that I came up with Crocs as being a critical piece of hunting gear. No, that honour belongs to the Rookie Hunter Podcast. Fuck! They were right!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8EamtpYDMkneEW1tAA_k_NvfJ4Q4_x41ymS_wt9-UkCFjG2RQ3FS6iHjz30H3Rg1vjduswKGN1ZxhGtiLbZBHxOz7PKvbNVdmXqjOaPIybt15oUsUlzCj4ASRimBSVt7RrDSluyg77J6/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-14+Crocs%25C2%25AE+Men%25E2%2580%2599s+Offroad+Sport+TrueTimber%25C2%25AE+DRT+DRT2+Clogs+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="543" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8EamtpYDMkneEW1tAA_k_NvfJ4Q4_x41ymS_wt9-UkCFjG2RQ3FS6iHjz30H3Rg1vjduswKGN1ZxhGtiLbZBHxOz7PKvbNVdmXqjOaPIybt15oUsUlzCj4ASRimBSVt7RrDSluyg77J6/s400/Screenshot_2019-07-14+Crocs%25C2%25AE+Men%25E2%2580%2599s+Offroad+Sport+TrueTimber%25C2%25AE+DRT+DRT2+Clogs+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
Not only do I use my crocs around the house for taking out the trash or doing home renovation, but they are part of my critical kit whenever I am camping or hunting.<br />
<br />
After a long day in hunting boots, it is great to take off the boots and pad around camp in a pair of Crocs. They let your feet and boots air out, reducing moisture and the chance of blisters, and give you space to let your toes wiggle while you're sitting around the fire. With a pair of wool socks, they are plenty warm for even sub-zero nights sitting around a fire, and as a bonus, they are quick to slip on for a midnight pee. I've even used them to wade through a river crossing. They weigh nothing and make no noise so you can strap them to the outside of your pack on backpack hunts.<br />
<br />
There is one downside of bringing Crocs hunting. You might get teased relentlessly. Trust me, they are just jealous. You won't be disappointed with having a pair of Crocs, and before you know it, others will be wanting their own too. Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-70404090549724113842019-08-13T18:50:00.001-07:002019-08-13T18:50:49.746-07:00BC Gov. Wildlife and Habitat: What We Heard Summary Reports<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCvgYlLQm1soeizJLhTlirMdJGhb_EnldZdNDyTjcOSlwbeWqiMyd0YdykYG2Jxj4INq_FuOEuT_zd57N2uk6upF0bWyz8e5xHhyphenhyphenVbpPf39e_VnHYiHoQYx3vzKaW7U93145NCZuna0mt/s1600/Government+Engagement.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="863" data-original-width="868" height="636" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggCvgYlLQm1soeizJLhTlirMdJGhb_EnldZdNDyTjcOSlwbeWqiMyd0YdykYG2Jxj4INq_FuOEuT_zd57N2uk6upF0bWyz8e5xHhyphenhyphenVbpPf39e_VnHYiHoQYx3vzKaW7U93145NCZuna0mt/s640/Government+Engagement.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="page-header" style="border-bottom: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; position: relative; width: 730px;">
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<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/what-we-heard-reports/" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;" target="_blank">https://engage.gov.bc.ca/wildlifeandhabitat/what-we-heard-reports/</a></h1>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h1 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">
What We Heard Summary Reports</h1>
</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
During phase 1, we asked Indigenous peoples, stakeholders and the public to share their concerns and ideas for new approaches to improve wildlife management and habitat conservation. We received hundreds of e-mails, thousands of on-line comments, and met with over 100 Indigenous communities and 50 stakeholder organizations. The following reports summarize what we heard.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/377/2018/08/Wildlife-Stakeholder-report_16JUL18_FINAL-1.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a5a96;">Stakeholder What We Heard Report</a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/377/2018/12/Indigenous-What-We-Heard-FINAL.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a5a96;">Indigenous What We Heard Report</a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/377/2018/12/Public-What-We-Heard-FINAL.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a5a96;">Public What We Heard Report</a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #494949; font-family: Myriad-Pro, Calibri, Arial, "sans serif"; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<a href="https://engage.gov.bc.ca/app/uploads/sites/377/2019/01/Phase-Two-Engagement-Progress-Update-WEB.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #1a5a96;">Phase Two Engagement Progress Update</a></div>
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-23524069197672960512019-08-06T12:42:00.002-07:002019-08-06T13:07:11.583-07:00First Hunting Trip and Gear List Part 2: Hunting EssentialsIt's summer and we're all looking forward to the upcoming fall hunting season. Last summer I wrote the first part of a guide for hunting-curious people or new hunters who might be accompanying an experienced hunter into the woods for the first time. Click <a href="https://www.vancouverhunter.com/2018/08/first-hunting-trip-and-gear-list-part-1.html" target="_blank">here</a> to take a look and read <i>Part 1: Looking After Yourself. </i><br />
<br />
For Part 2, we'll assume you now have a PAL (Possession and Acquisition Licence, ie. gun licence), have taken your CORE course (<span class="st">Conservation and Outdoor Recreation Education)</span>, and have all the basic skills and equipment from Part 1.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9rngjRvXqWoLIGwuBWD2Wy0jbIWwGLGcxH6D4LCX3auylcnaJh-WtNJiDcTHERlJhiq1aflUJ2Nl1PB-8D-WaqLYPQ6XNJMgp261DRi94tU5IwyLaIHKp8SxjSomYnTXrdz5EE2qzZ3DA/s1600/12106926_10101514153950351_4801867092796377376_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9rngjRvXqWoLIGwuBWD2Wy0jbIWwGLGcxH6D4LCX3auylcnaJh-WtNJiDcTHERlJhiq1aflUJ2Nl1PB-8D-WaqLYPQ6XNJMgp261DRi94tU5IwyLaIHKp8SxjSomYnTXrdz5EE2qzZ3DA/s640/12106926_10101514153950351_4801867092796377376_n.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Scenario </span></h2>
<br />
So, you've been invited along on a multi-day hunt where the plan is to set up a base camp with wall tents and trailers and strike out daily from there. What do you need to know and what do you need to bring?<br />
<br />
The goal of it all is to have a good time and be invited back. On the show MeatEater, they call not being invited back OTC, or "Out of The Club". There are lots of reasons you may become OTC. Here's some tips on how to avoid that. <br />
<br />
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Things to Know</span></h2>
<h2>
</h2>
<h3>
Committing to the Trip</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
If you're like most of us, you have limited days of vacation per year that you can spend on a hunting trip. By committing to a trip, it's not just you relying on others, but they are also counting on you. They may not have invited someone else in favour of taking you. They may have prepared or made special arrangements on your behalf. They may be counting on your help to deal with logistics. While flaking out may seem like it's not a big deal to our generation, for a group trip like a hunting trip, flaking can result in serious bad blood.<br />
<br />
If you are going to agree to go on a hunting trip with someone then you need to be onboard 100%. That means you need to prepare for the trip adequately, perhaps physically training, learning about the area and perhaps also procuring the right gear.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Spots, Locations, Campsites are Closely Guarded Secrets</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
The saying "loose lips sink ships" applies to hunting as much as anything. People and groups guard their spots, locations, and campsite as precious secrets to prevent them from becoming overrun with other hunters. Finding a good spot to hunt and camp can take years of scouting and trial and error. If you are being invited to join then the expectation is that you will hold the group's locations secret. Posting on social media or even telling a close friend the location of a hunt is crossing a line and totally uncool. Personally, if I am told of a spot, or invited to join a group, I don't even like to say what management unit it is in and I will certainly never take someone there. In fact, if I am going to go hunting with someone, I'll avoid going anywhere near spots that I was shown or told about. <br />
<br />
When I am telling someone about a hunting success and use a vague term like "South of Vanderhoof" some people are very good at effortlessly and casually inserting pointed questions about where exactly and how far along the road with phrases like "Oh yeah, past ####" expecting you'll say yes or no.<br />
<br />
If you are "in the club" and have been let in on some prime hunting spots then it is your job to keep those spots a secret, not just for you, but for the group. I made the mistake of telling people who were camping in the same rec site as our group where I was successful with my first deer and for the next 3 days they hunted my spot. It was a lesson I learned the hard way and won't make again.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Carpooling and Cargo</h3>
<br />
Before planning your trip with the group, you should find out who is riding with who and how much space you have for your gear. If you are sharing a ride with someone it is good to find out early how much space you have for your gear.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Sleeping Arrangements</h3>
<br />
No one will have any fun if they don't get a good night's sleep. It's really important to know where you'll be sleeping. Do you have to bring your own tent? Do you need a cot? Can you just get away with a sleeping bag? <u><b>Pro Tip: Bring earplugs, either for yourself or for your tent-mates!</b></u><br />
<br />
<h3>
Trip Preparation and Packing</h3>
<br />
Different groups do things differently. You may be expected to bring pre-prepared meals to share. You may have to look after yourself. You may do a group shopping and have to cook from time to time. You may have to help pack group equipment. Ask questions and pull your weight, and then some, if you want to be invited back. <u><b>Pro Tip: Prepare a tasty dish or dinner for the group. Everyone likes a good cook!</b></u><br />
<br />
<h3>
Know the Current Rules</h3>
<br />
A few years ago while hanging around the campfire a debate broke out about bag limits, regional vs. provincial, for deer. There were as many opinions about the rules as there were people around the campfire. As the newbie of the group, I was pretty sure I had the most recent knowledge from my CORE course the previous year, but rather than make an fool of myself I decided to go get the regulations and read them aloud for the group. After that, more than a few people were surprised at the current rules.<br />
<br />
Rules change from year to year. Most recently, one of the changes was the rules about evidence of sex and species for deer and ungulates. Each time the regulations are printed, the changes are highlighted in bold green text, but nevertheless, people often miss the rule changes. Ignorance of a rule change is not an excuse in the eyes of a conservation officer, so don't put your group-mates in a difficult position by making a mistake because you aren't aware of the current rules.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Meat Sharing</h3>
<br />
Every group has different practices and traditions when it comes to sharing meat. Don't expect to keep all of your own meat nor share in anyone else's. It can lead to a lot of bad feelings if there is a misunderstanding about if/how meat will be shared. It's best to ask the question and sort out any confusion before the trip, or at the very least, before an animal is hanging back at camp.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Cost Sharing</h3>
<br />
A hunting trip costs money. It might be fuel, butchering fees, camp consumables, motels on the way, or any number of things. Make sure you contribute your share, especially if your host is providing a lot of the camping gear. If you have an opportunity to cover the cost of the wear and tear on a host's gear, you'll certainly endear yourself to them and the group.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Gear Coordination</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
It's a good idea not to assume that everything is being provided for you. Ask your group-mates if there is gear that you could bring for the group to use. It's kind of funny when you show up and everyone has an axe for chopping wood when obviously the group could have shared a couple. It's frustrating when everyone assumed someone would bring an axe, so no one has one. Talk with your group about these kinds of things and offer to bring things you have or procure items if you can afford it.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Camp Chores are Not Optional</h3>
<br />
Well, they are optional if you don't want to be invited back again. Camp chores involve everything from cutting firewood, preparing meals, cleaning up, doing dishes, fueling vehicles, and much more. Every group has different traditions and expectations. If you don't step up, ask how you can help, and volunteer to do more than your share, don't expect to be invited back.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Know the Area</h3>
<br />
Don't expect to be shown the best spots to go. If you are lucky the group might point you in the right direction. If you really want to do your part, use Google Earth to scout the area ahead of time and have an idea of where you want to hunt. Be sure to communicate your intentions to go and hunt an area each day with the rest of the group so that you're not hunting someone else's area and they know where you are for safety.<br />
<br />
Also, it is very important for your own safety to know the lay of the land. It is a good idea to know which way to hike to find a landmark like a road or creek which will bring you to safety if you get lost. No one wants to have to perform a search and rescue for the newbie. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Know the Animals </h3>
<br />
Be sure to have a solid understanding of your quarry, its habits and the best hunting tactics. No one likes someone who expects to be hand-held the whole time.<br />
<br />
If you are going after an animal that is best hunted with the help of calling, YouTube is great! I learned how to moose call from YouTube and learned how to use my elk calls from a DVD. MeatEater is also a great source of tips and tricks. It isn't hard to learn to call and it is impressive if you show up with mad calling skills.<br />
<br />
Knowing the animals includes knowing how to field dress and skin the animals in preparation for transport home. Be aware that there are as many ways to do this as there are people on earth. Expect experienced people to have strong opinions about the best way to field dress, quarter, and skin game. Go with the flow and accept advice, but ultimately, with a little practice and advice from YouTube, you'll be better than many of the people you encounter in the bush and likely others in your group.<br />
<br />
Dylan from EatWild has put together great videos for field skills such as field dressing and meat care which can be easy accessed through the EatWild app. I strongly suggest downloading it or signing up for one of his courses.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJYriDRBGBnAz_5XG-qXXgRlbuRbULb6f3AJ8f4idHw4u38yTdmrAFKiENf-qRqLnwF42wFtpax_WeKox8u0m0MC3Zn5SaxH7TxFks2o8axM1VOoPAzgcNtV1vLD7KldVJWcH5D4C0nbu/s1600/eatwild_logo3.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="238" data-original-width="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJJYriDRBGBnAz_5XG-qXXgRlbuRbULb6f3AJ8f4idHw4u38yTdmrAFKiENf-qRqLnwF42wFtpax_WeKox8u0m0MC3Zn5SaxH7TxFks2o8axM1VOoPAzgcNtV1vLD7KldVJWcH5D4C0nbu/s1600/eatwild_logo3.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.eatwild.ca/">http://www.eatwild.ca/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Also, if you want your butcher to like you, you'll want to do a very good job cleaning every last hair and piece of dirt and debris from the carcass long before it gets to them. I recommend spending the time on the day you get the animal to make it perfect. After it is hung and cleaned, use game bags to keep birds, bugs, and tree bark from dirtying your hard won meat. Obviously watch the temperature and keep the meat cool and in the shade. If you're worried about your meat, get it to a cooler or butcher ASAP.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Know How to Be Uncomfortable </h3>
<br />
Steven Rinella says hunting teaches you how to be uncomfortable. It is often cold, rainy, hot, or tiring to go hunting. No one wants to deal with your discomfort, so as prepared as possible to cope with discomfort without complaining. Better yet, be as prepared as possible to minimize your discomfort. <u><b>Pro Tip: Use Moleskin well before you get a blister. If you feel rubbing or a hot spot on your foot, stop and deal with it right away!</b></u><br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
Keep Your Spirits Up</h3>
<br />
Everyone who goes hunting wants to be successful in harvesting an animal. It's only natural to suffer a decline in moral when things don't go to plan. However, that's no excuse for moral to drop so low that it ruins the trip. The best advice I ever received was to go out into the woods with the mindset that you're there to practice and improve the many skills of hunting, and that just seeing an animal, let alone shooting one, is just a bonus.<br />
<br />
It's better to see success in improving your ability to climb a ridge quietly, keeping the wind in your face, glassing, or remaining patiently still, than focus on whether or not you saw an animal or sign. If you improve your abilities as a hunter the animals will end up in front of you eventually.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, after days of not seeing animals, there are times when you need to take your mind off your quarry to get a fresh perspective and renew your resolve to hunt hard. This is when it's great to have a .22 LR along with you so that you can go after some grouse that you may have seen while driving to a trailhead. Alternatively, you might spend a morning fishing as a change of pace. Often, the high tempo reward of a side hunt, or some good fishing, can lift the spirits of even the most frustrated hunter. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Nail the Social Game</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
It may seem obvious, but being fun to hang out with is part of the experience of a group trip. No one likes a complainer or a braggart. No one likes a know-it-all or someone overly opinionated. It's annoying when someone over-indulges in booze or other substances and makes the evening around the campfire less enjoyable for others. Be yourself, but make sure to be the best version of you. When in doubt, showing humility and holding back a little is better than talking big and being obnoxious. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Be Present; Leave the Phone Alone</h3>
<br />
Most people go hunting to get away from it all, catch up with old friends, make new ones, and experience nature. There is nothing more annoying than someone who spends more time on their phone than hanging out with the group around the campfire. If your significant other is needy, tell them that you'll be out of cell phone coverage and turn your phone off. Short of a death in the family, don't expect the group to go home early just because your significant other is getting lonely. You're there for the experience, so experience it.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Be Ready to Hunt</h3>
<br />
It kind of goes without saying, but make sure you have the required licence and tags, physical fitness, and expect to get up very early, spend the whole day hiking or hunting, possibly alone, and have a mental plan of what to do when you see a legal animal. Make sure you are ready to hunt, both mentally and physically. <br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Things to Bring</span></h2>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Tags</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
While it may seem obvious, people often forget to get their tags. With the current rules, you need ALL OF YOUR TAGS FROM THE CURRENT SEASON, EVEN CANCELLED ONES, NO MATTER WHAT YOU ARE HUNTING! <br />
<br />
There is nothing more annoying than someone wanting to stop on the way to pick up a tag or worse yet "shoot on your yag". Don't be that guy or gal who inconveniences people with an unnecessary stop along the way to get tags you should have bought weeks or months ago, or worst of all, makes everyone uncomfortable with a request that is illegal. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Firearm or Bow</h3>
<br />
Be sure you have firearm or bow that you know inside out, backwards and forwards, and in your sleep. You should be so well practiced that if you see a legal animal that is within range and not moving, it shouldn't be a question whether or not you can take it. Come prepared with an abundance of practice.<br />
<br />
Choosing a rifle is not easy. Check out the post about choosing a <a href="https://www.vancouverhunter.com/2019/07/choosing-your-first-hunting-rifle.html" target="_blank">rifle</a>. I am sure choosing a bow is even more challenging, but I don't have any experience with that.<br />
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<h3>
Binoculars</h3>
<br />
It is both illegal and unethical to point your rifle at something until you are certain it is a legal animal to hunt. It is critical that you have decent binoculars to identify game. A 10x magnification is more than adequate. I strongly suggest you choose something with a good warranty. Also, it is a good idea to get a binocular harness to keep your binos close at hand and reduce the pull on your neck. I use Vortex Diamondback 10x and an Alps Outdoorz bino harness.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3acjONxIjUecCRp6JKQeBW69_QZFyyF65RCVMxMQgaxgiJXM38shMFNUatOYcLLjHrNZwoMkslw0T062Nko2bguLODpe9vA2UplMy470zuwtwDsUl0uI3owWnlYqDdMSaq5iX88ZxTaT7/s1600/vortex+diamondback.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="734" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3acjONxIjUecCRp6JKQeBW69_QZFyyF65RCVMxMQgaxgiJXM38shMFNUatOYcLLjHrNZwoMkslw0T062Nko2bguLODpe9vA2UplMy470zuwtwDsUl0uI3owWnlYqDdMSaq5iX88ZxTaT7/s320/vortex+diamondback.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vortex Diamondback 10x42mm, $350 Cabelas.ca</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ3AVyqEcdYtb2PiNMWsOhxUFmA-z8TrIznuzzCobFAfWPLeDiOSwIqboJlLEOgHhkdN9YfYERuAhSJP5sWJcOLF309xJu-eyJlQ6Bz_nTpV2BbOrzXc4I9AYxLTLSHB2SOWsUnirAqETb/s1600/818VStRoyeL._SL1500_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="625" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ3AVyqEcdYtb2PiNMWsOhxUFmA-z8TrIznuzzCobFAfWPLeDiOSwIqboJlLEOgHhkdN9YfYERuAhSJP5sWJcOLF309xJu-eyJlQ6Bz_nTpV2BbOrzXc4I9AYxLTLSHB2SOWsUnirAqETb/s320/818VStRoyeL._SL1500_.jpg" width="133" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alps Outdoorz Bino Harness $70 amazon.ca</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Sleep System</h3>
<br />
A "Sleep System" is a fancy term for sleeping bag and mattress. If you aren't sleeping well you'll have a miserable hunt. It is far better to be too warm than too be cold. If you are sleeping in a wall tent or trailer, it is a good idea to assume that the heat will die out during the night. If there is a wood stove and a guy over 50, then you are likely to have someone who will feed the stove throughout the night when they get up to pee, but don't count on it.<br />
<br />
If you are going hunting in the fall or winter, you can expect sub-zero temperatures. The rating of a sleeping bag is typically 10 degrees C colder than is comfortable. If you expect it to be - 5 C, you'll want a -15C bag to really feel comfortable. If you are doing backpack hunting, a low temperature sleeping bag that is light weight can be very expensive, but if you have the luxury of space in a truck for a large and heavy bag, it is not very expensive to get a -30C bag for wall tent/trailer hunting.<br />
<br />
It is important to also point out that there are a lot of strong opinions about down vs. synthetic sleeping bags. Generally down is more expensive and lighter than synthetic, but the downside with down is that it loses its insulative properties when it gets wet or packs down. Down relies on "loft" which is a fancy term for fluffiness. Moisture immediately eliminates loft, while even normal use slowly decreases it as the down packs together more tightly until you can put it in the dryer to fluff it back up. Synthetic bags are heavier and bulkier, but keep you warm even when moist and don't suffer from a loss of loft. <u><b> </b></u><br />
<br />
<u><b>Pro Tip: If you have the space, bring an extra sleeping bag.</b></u> A spare sleeping bag doesn't have to be special or even very good, but I have been on several trips where after a day or two you find out that one of your friends is really cold at night and sleeping poorly. Lending them a second bag to double up with will make you a friend for life. On the other hand, if you need it for some reason then it's there.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbzHtYLmXiUtwUgEHQgxBEMJn1V7s2gf5w5C4E1xYjjZ_xsEZ6ClTlW9awCNs3tErUHncA-3ZU_pWXTIGt7ZyxeRAXbl_gbDNtoa63-mc6uReL1cJVbV2qSqHPC8jvV9Ew0eQsanBmEhBG/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Ascend%25C2%25AE+Whammy+-29%25C2%25BAC+Mummy+Sleeping+Bag+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="391" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbzHtYLmXiUtwUgEHQgxBEMJn1V7s2gf5w5C4E1xYjjZ_xsEZ6ClTlW9awCNs3tErUHncA-3ZU_pWXTIGt7ZyxeRAXbl_gbDNtoa63-mc6uReL1cJVbV2qSqHPC8jvV9Ew0eQsanBmEhBG/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Ascend%25C2%25AE+Whammy+-29%25C2%25BAC+Mummy+Sleeping+Bag+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" width="172" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">-29C Ascend Whammy from Cabelas $180. Better for backpacking. Takes up less room, but more restrictive while sleeping.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgga0tg8dmz-zEGNG-FIQKZk5KXUPGE4141S35by1g8cWkqzh-8xzN7l8MjuFIpverfJIjincEFKmpct1GMHudt720Qbm8LG8eKv_rsRbadUV78kHt9ewEogE2jzrHH1fw7HBijm_bywPn5/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Cabela%2527s+Outfitter+XL+-29%25C2%25B0C+Sleeping+Bag+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="726" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgga0tg8dmz-zEGNG-FIQKZk5KXUPGE4141S35by1g8cWkqzh-8xzN7l8MjuFIpverfJIjincEFKmpct1GMHudt720Qbm8LG8eKv_rsRbadUV78kHt9ewEogE2jzrHH1fw7HBijm_bywPn5/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Cabela%2527s+Outfitter+XL+-29%25C2%25B0C+Sleeping+Bag+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">-29C Outfitter XLFrom Cabelas $230.Great when space is no issue. Lots of room to sprawl out.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
If you are in a trailer, it is likely that you'll have a mattress provided. In a wall tent you'll likely need a cot and perhaps a mattress. It is actually more important to have good insulation on your mattress than above you. As a mattress and sleeping bag compresses it loses its insulative properties. It is actually the air which trapped by fluff that provides the insulation. It is just as important to have a good mattress as it is to have a good bag. If you are sleeping in a cot or on the ground, get the highest R-value mattress you can find. R values from 4 to 6 are for below freezing.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlO2h0U__LDHFvNkEIDGAzv5xmXZYQ4t5LFqDhlR4A2XfT466eDoogJuxSqRDZE8VZA-QWTvlWnIMKMe_13c8j_WPH0WPh5Ole-_boG0GQSo7e1SBVFzU2EqvJGvO-ekDIZj6ez0L54XLZ/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Klymit+Insulated+Static+V+Sleeping+Pad+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="726" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlO2h0U__LDHFvNkEIDGAzv5xmXZYQ4t5LFqDhlR4A2XfT466eDoogJuxSqRDZE8VZA-QWTvlWnIMKMe_13c8j_WPH0WPh5Ole-_boG0GQSo7e1SBVFzU2EqvJGvO-ekDIZj6ez0L54XLZ/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Klymit+Insulated+Static+V+Sleeping+Pad+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klymit Insulated Static V Sleeping Pad $100, R4.4</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwfWHyjMytG1oNs8sfnvp3fbRdk2KElVKfloNTavvlbvD-xQ_q18RBgNxHEGdZ3GsHjBtt3kxueMrSPnU-ac0QF7x9PP2hOuytbNBrQaPc3nvonI8GUAbrejKPxT_G6CQ7mp8JlWP-4SdN/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Cabela%2527s%25C2%25AE+Outfitter+XL+Cot+with+Lever+Arm+Cabela%2527s+Canada%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="726" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwfWHyjMytG1oNs8sfnvp3fbRdk2KElVKfloNTavvlbvD-xQ_q18RBgNxHEGdZ3GsHjBtt3kxueMrSPnU-ac0QF7x9PP2hOuytbNBrQaPc3nvonI8GUAbrejKPxT_G6CQ7mp8JlWP-4SdN/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-11+Cabela%2527s%25C2%25AE+Outfitter+XL+Cot+with+Lever+Arm+Cabela%2527s+Canada%25281%2529.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cabelas Outfitter XL Cot $150</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Communication</h3>
<br />
It is not a bad idea for beginners to bring a couple radios and give one to your closest hunting buddy. Have a protocol such as that you'll turn it on after dark if one of you hasn't come back to camp or if you hear a shot. Some waterproof radios for under $100 will serve you well.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuGWjnopa7I2cwHX-Fv68mGtUvDF6-QJoSpJC5_N3kybYbDdMbhJvZvTP9U1JWdhpF4kZHsJzUas0g3uWU4XM46PLocNeCFkdoPjW68wJTZnl-ax0IBGbdUB0XDT3_mh4j7Rqx8edCgJDB/s1600/8ac09968-0184-4978-9e7f-697b85687bf5_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuGWjnopa7I2cwHX-Fv68mGtUvDF6-QJoSpJC5_N3kybYbDdMbhJvZvTP9U1JWdhpF4kZHsJzUas0g3uWU4XM46PLocNeCFkdoPjW68wJTZnl-ax0IBGbdUB0XDT3_mh4j7Rqx8edCgJDB/s320/8ac09968-0184-4978-9e7f-697b85687bf5_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
Bear Spray</h3>
<br />
You may think that your rifle is the best bear defence there is. Studies suggest bear spray can be as much as three times more effective in deterring a charging grizzly than a firearm (over 90% effective vs. around 30%). Think about it. Let's say that you have maybe 4 or 5 rounds in your rifle and a grizzly comes out of nowhere charging at you. First, you have to decide if you are trying to kill the bear or scare it off with the noise. If you feel like you have the time to scare it off, then you're using up both time and one of the rounds. When a grizzly charged my father in law, the first shot made it charge faster.<br />
<br />
Then, if you deciding to attempt to kill the bear, you need to aim and fatally shoot the bear. Bears often don't charge in a straight line and in all likelihood, you have time for one, maybe two shots. How confident are you that you will hit it in the central nervous system (brain or spine) and drop it in its tracks? Even a heart or lung shot will still give the bear several minutes of life to maul you. That is why the research suggests it is much less successful than bear spray. Last of all, even if you are successful, you now need to report yourself to the conservation officers and prove your life was in danger to justify your actions in self defence. All that said, if you make the decision that trying to kill a charging bear is your only option then keep shooting until you finish the job.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_jVTIlOtY7NKwSZVt4GclYAVpo9wznm5D0UlJysCVGNoYabbCj3m-9MSLXrHmYDA9pw7-UBHUFmds2NbieMyR3FyTJtD-xBc1cAiozAInrVF9GGYkodCVt2J81YqMaf7QLL-NwzUzsuu/s1600/unnamed.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ_jVTIlOtY7NKwSZVt4GclYAVpo9wznm5D0UlJysCVGNoYabbCj3m-9MSLXrHmYDA9pw7-UBHUFmds2NbieMyR3FyTJtD-xBc1cAiozAInrVF9GGYkodCVt2J81YqMaf7QLL-NwzUzsuu/s320/unnamed.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
From the recent bear safety presentation at a BHA Region 2 Pint night, we were told that once the bear is down, don't approach it. Check yourself for injuries, reload your rifle, compose yourself, take photos of the area and write down what happened and why you were justified in self defence. Only after you are confident that the bear has expired, should you consider approaching the bear. Follow the latest regulations for what to do if you have shot an animal in self defence or by accident. If it says to field dress the animal and preserve the hide and meat, do so, and report the incident to a conservation officer in accordance with the rules. An investigation will likely follow and they will likely look for holes in your story as part of a reason why you may be lying. If you have acted in self defence and documented what happened it is less likely that you will face prosecution for unlawfully killing an animal.<br />
<br />
Bear spray, on the other hand, is only useful if sprayed as a fog or cloud between you and a charging bear. Check out this <a href="https://youtu.be/aIvpLzHiCrg" target="_blank">video</a> from Parks Canada for guidance for how to use bear spray. Make sure it is easily accessible in a holster on either your hip or front backpack straps. Bear spray will not help you if it is inside your pack or in a difficult to reach pocket. If a bear charges, you will have scarce seconds to react, so you will want it within reach. One nice thing with bear spray is that you don't have to be as accurate with the bear spray since it makes a cloud of deterrence between you and the bear. You're more likely to be able to put the fog in between you and the bear than you are likely to fatally hit the bear with a bullet. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Snacks, Food, Booze and Supplies</h3>
<br />
Everyone has to eat, drink and answer the call of nature. Generally speaking, eating and drinking is a social event back at a hunting camp. People tell stories, exaggerate (lie haha!), and tease each other to pass the time around a campfire. Whether or not you drink, many of the other people will be drinking and so it's a good idea to have your own beverages or snacks along for the evenings. Snacks also play a significant role in keeping up the moral when you are away from camp, cold, wet, tired, or just feeling down from seeing no animals.<br />
<br />
Make sure you always have a toilet roll and Wet Ones in your pack and around camp when nature calls. Trust me, Wet Ones are just friggin' magic for spending time in the bush without a shower.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Bonus</span></h2>
There are some things you can do to really help your chances of getting invited back.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Camp Skills</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
If you know how to chop wood and make fire and you take initiative in the mornings and evenings to get the fire going and have split wood on hand for the campfire and stoves you'll be very valuable to have around.<br />
<br />
If you know how to use a chainsaw that can also be a valuable skill to share the load of gathering wood.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Knots</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
Some people think that "If you can't tie knots, just tie lots,". As a former sailing instructor, that makes me sick to my stomach. There are only two knots anyone really needs to know to get by. Everyone should know how to tie a Bowline (pronounced boh-lin) and the Half Hitch. With these two knots you can set up a game pole, hoist game, and lash down or haul anything.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Vehicle skills</h3>
<br />
If you are using ATVs, trucks, snowmobiles, horses, or boats, it is great if you have experience in the operation and finesse the various modes of transport. It is a great idea if you know how to drive in snow and ice, while towing a trailer, in poor conditions, using a manual transmission, operation of outboards and inboards, and possibly even how to ride a horse. Knowing your way around the various modes of transport can come in very handy.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Generators</h3>
<br />
Being able to operate and maintain generators can come in very handy.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Cooking</h3>
<br />
Being able to whip together a fantastic meal from limited ingredients and improvisation skills will endear you to most groups. <br />
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-35398624467568437612019-07-20T10:08:00.001-07:002019-07-20T10:20:00.947-07:00Gear I Can and Can't Live WithoutEveryone has gear that they love and gear that didn't live up to expectation. Sometimes it can be quite costly to figure out what gear works for you. Over the last 5 years I've tried to build my kit with a budget in mind and there are certainly some great scores and some things which have been disappointing.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYRxIpbnFHwn10O3uC6UBDx9jsgBtc23AgDUl14twXnY2X5DL30sWIZXZZfXVfhThn6QvyA8Egx2O2zAVHY8SFwjKIdCTm3xO_2gvN7knYUdwOC_ui_9cE5-2Uk1VwQCMM0ffKyZbdyvW6/s1600/IMG_8506.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1203" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYRxIpbnFHwn10O3uC6UBDx9jsgBtc23AgDUl14twXnY2X5DL30sWIZXZZfXVfhThn6QvyA8Egx2O2zAVHY8SFwjKIdCTm3xO_2gvN7knYUdwOC_ui_9cE5-2Uk1VwQCMM0ffKyZbdyvW6/s640/IMG_8506.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
Can't Live Without</h2>
<br />
Obviously my boots and rifle are critical, so here are some of the unsung heroes that I can't live without.<br />
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<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Under Armour UA Enduro Pants</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYqNmlrMM4pg7tJulGBuDI7T-TSg3O3XUz63MiKQHN96ORgbizy_doOQsmoX-9JN5zI5Fi3UkRaOEUF0qyGAdnZ9U6s1o3Ern798xH2E5apwzSJ9PRk8Nm6_t0EvOXgcydK3XAeDh5bNeW/s1600/PS1316928-728_HF.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="650" data-original-width="612" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYqNmlrMM4pg7tJulGBuDI7T-TSg3O3XUz63MiKQHN96ORgbizy_doOQsmoX-9JN5zI5Fi3UkRaOEUF0qyGAdnZ9U6s1o3Ern798xH2E5apwzSJ9PRk8Nm6_t0EvOXgcydK3XAeDh5bNeW/s320/PS1316928-728_HF.webp" width="301" /></a></div>
These pants are semi-waterproof and incredibly durable. I struggled a lot in the beginning with finding pants which didn't limit flexibility in the crotch and knees. These pants are quite good for the price ($90). I do plan to upgrade one more time and spend whatever money I need to get durable and flexible pants when I find the right ones, but for now these are definitely an 8.5/10 and way better than any other paint I have tried.<br />
<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Saxx Long Leg Underwear</h3>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPq3qeNTs7hBQfKcfSdHgkgDl_fSNBya58JnBWa2xqYDF8HpfvaJSs38_Ot5jCR8cfE41cxwiCCYuV1m13vJoxpEaxtuhJLOw5wYh6MFJ_cAaQ0bIFjAesD1nidI1DTaQPG2Dw2HwC6Egl/s1600/SXLL70F_BLK_0_x1450.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1500" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPq3qeNTs7hBQfKcfSdHgkgDl_fSNBya58JnBWa2xqYDF8HpfvaJSs38_Ot5jCR8cfE41cxwiCCYuV1m13vJoxpEaxtuhJLOw5wYh6MFJ_cAaQ0bIFjAesD1nidI1DTaQPG2Dw2HwC6Egl/s400/SXLL70F_BLK_0_x1450.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.saxxunderwear.ca/products/sxll70f_blk">https://www.saxxunderwear.ca/products/sxll70f_blk</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
If you have muscular or thick thighs like I have, chafing is a serious concern. Saxx long leg underwear are a life saver, and best of all, they are Canadian.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Wet Ones</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOOdVO5d9ZuxrQmRpoOBo0nXdf4scpHrRA8Ar5egKR3I3UbGWusXeJi1ZP7UxlcXyK1kmHEA3g9p1rRYUCm6pWckISJAtCp9y3r-OmJ25Tu2lFeswMVWpnRo8t4XFzA50wxhmy8N6iray/s1600/999999-68875023029.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOOdVO5d9ZuxrQmRpoOBo0nXdf4scpHrRA8Ar5egKR3I3UbGWusXeJi1ZP7UxlcXyK1kmHEA3g9p1rRYUCm6pWckISJAtCp9y3r-OmJ25Tu2lFeswMVWpnRo8t4XFzA50wxhmy8N6iray/s320/999999-68875023029.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
No question, the best thing to ever happen to shitting in the woods. Honestly, I might be cleaner when I am hunting.<br />
<br />
<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
Can Live Without</h2>
<h2>
</h2>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
ALPS Outdoorz Crossfire </h3>
<h3>
</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqXncD2DBq1Q3RhvpEwQLFfoitBKhTh3W3ioix1OGWMn0aSWqmSEcDzqf7WTI6qy3l4KAKDMr8D8xCgU5Ywc0k-C3RSns_eq51mPCp0FwJW1TSaWUCVOOWaRO_WaYv4a5KkMs0QdyUd2wI/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Crossfire+ALPS+OutdoorZ.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="769" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqXncD2DBq1Q3RhvpEwQLFfoitBKhTh3W3ioix1OGWMn0aSWqmSEcDzqf7WTI6qy3l4KAKDMr8D8xCgU5Ywc0k-C3RSns_eq51mPCp0FwJW1TSaWUCVOOWaRO_WaYv4a5KkMs0QdyUd2wI/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Crossfire+ALPS+OutdoorZ.png" width="320" /></a></div>
This is really hard because I like ALPS Outdoorz products, but this pack has been disappointing if I'm honest. First, the top corners of the pack wore through within one season where the wire of the frame pushes them out. I wish I could say I used it hard, but it happened from being put down on the grown and picked up a few times. Second, this pack is just too small. The frame pushes the bag so far off your back and that really eats up all of the internal space of the bag. This bag can barely fit a sweater in addition to some essentials like TP and Wet Ones. If I have to take a layer off I am almost always strapping it to the outside of this pack, where it can get wet. In the store, this pack looked good and had so many features I liked. It's too bad, but I'll be replacing it for sure.<br />
<br />
Currently I am struggling with two options. Option 1 is to get the Cabela's 2500 cubic inch bow and rifle pack to use for my day pack. Option 2 is buying a top end backpack hunting pack and using it for both backpack hunts and as a day pack. <br />
<br />
<h3>
Cabelas MT50 Pants</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg68yw780c8ODv2LZERHu6dI3OlxNBmpa3EI_SxbYtftY0UjccxNWPEObJG6WVXXKLFaZiZYhW1rcksVjt8eHf6kuoais3jj0Eue8r682RCfItEGI2eDSY-lNthk3qHpX5c4YDeTFt6HQz-/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Cabela%2527s+MT050+GORE-TEX+Quiet+Pack+Pants+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="726" data-original-width="550" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg68yw780c8ODv2LZERHu6dI3OlxNBmpa3EI_SxbYtftY0UjccxNWPEObJG6WVXXKLFaZiZYhW1rcksVjt8eHf6kuoais3jj0Eue8r682RCfItEGI2eDSY-lNthk3qHpX5c4YDeTFt6HQz-/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Cabela%2527s+MT050+GORE-TEX+Quiet+Pack+Pants+Cabela%2527s+Canada.png" width="242" /></a></div>
When I bought these pants I wanted Gore-Tex pants but didn't want to spend a ton of money. These pants seemed like a good compromise. They aren't terrible, but they have poor flexibility in the knees and crotch and I just find myself getting tired whenever I am hiking in these pants. The worst part about these pants is the lack of fly. It is such a hassle whenever you have to take a leak. Definitely replacing these with better, more flexible, pants which have a fly.<br />
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<h3>
Primos Trigger Sticks Tall</h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMa-mw8uDncV2Yr32XlzlYf-Mx69Dud8pXS1eq7V-vMlhvOkRJCSuyPsYTGWa1A1FmDm8BSNkClH5ekB5k6EF6bFRNdAuNGM7vzsJbxgRXbTJq5PG4GVcxb7pDfBlSJtb7PT6PS-aV2aZ/s1600/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Primos+Trigger+Stick+Bi+Pod+Canadian+Tire.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="343" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPMa-mw8uDncV2Yr32XlzlYf-Mx69Dud8pXS1eq7V-vMlhvOkRJCSuyPsYTGWa1A1FmDm8BSNkClH5ekB5k6EF6bFRNdAuNGM7vzsJbxgRXbTJq5PG4GVcxb7pDfBlSJtb7PT6PS-aV2aZ/s320/Screenshot_2019-07-12+Primos+Trigger+Stick+Bi+Pod+Canadian+Tire.png" width="133" /></a></div>
<br />
The concept is great, but they are lacking some key features and quality. I bought the bipod version and it became clear in the field that the collapsed length is too long. If you strap them to your pack they are either hitting branches above your head or clattering on your legs as you walk.<br />
<br />
Next, the leg spread doesn't lock. I have had it several times when the handle suddenly starts to tilt over and almost lets my rifle fall off. You have to steady these too much for them to be good for steadying a shot. Lastly, they seized up after a few years. I took them apart and found that they had rusted inside where the mechanism allows the legs to telescope. I ended up just taking off the yoke and adapting it to use with my much more compact spotting scope tripod so that I could use it as a shooting rest when I am not glassing.<br />
<br />
When I looked at the new generation the overall weight is much heavier than a lightweight spotting scope tripod and the length of the bipod version is still just as long.<br />
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-89533099929701485192019-07-13T15:28:00.001-07:002019-07-13T15:30:36.953-07:00FRPA Engagement Responses<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPq5K7iFCa9ya_vDc3jd1755D3e69ThFicWsjIQnzpfRVUypONhMo0CqxSud0PQXcBnRKa2COdBjdVSeJBT262Nod1XNtEPkOEW0M-UA1W-Aee7jBA-eMvU4Vht0ov9r1NckHdS-hIvw_/s1600/FRPA1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="1422" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJPq5K7iFCa9ya_vDc3jd1755D3e69ThFicWsjIQnzpfRVUypONhMo0CqxSud0PQXcBnRKa2COdBjdVSeJBT262Nod1XNtEPkOEW0M-UA1W-Aee7jBA-eMvU4Vht0ov9r1NckHdS-hIvw_/s640/FRPA1.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class=" question-title-container col-xs-12 ">
<br />
<div class=" question-text ">
<div class=" ls-label-question " id="ls-question-text-732363X961X12586">
The deadline is July 15th, 2019 at 4pm, so there isn't much time left to respond. Here are my responses to the questions. These answers have been informed by the conservation organizations I am a member of, the podcasts I listen to and my firsthand experiences in the backcountry.<br />
<br />
<h3>
How should the Province identify opportunities and
priorities for adapting forest management to a changing climate, such as
mitigating the effects of beetle infestations, drought and fire?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=" question-valid-container text-info col-xs-12">
</div>
<div class=" answer-container col-xs-12">
<div class="ls-answers answer-item text-item ">
The Province should seek input from provincial biologists on how to manage forests for climate change. The primary goal should be to maintain native biodiversity in both plant and animal species in the many climates and ecosystems of BC. Second to that, maintaining forests with natural biodiversity for usage by both recreational users and industry should be balanced with the long term effects of climate change to ensure sustainability of plant and animal populations. </div>
<div class="ls-answers answer-item text-item ">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="row text-long question-container " id="question12591">
<div class=" question-title-container col-xs-12 ">
<div class=" question-text ">
<div class=" ls-label-question " id="ls-question-text-732363X961X12591">
<h3>
What factors should be considered in the planning of forest operations to reduce the risks of wildfire around your community?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=" question-valid-container text-info col-xs-12">
</div>
<div class=" answer-container col-xs-12">
<div class="ls-answers answer-item text-item ">
The mono-culture of pine trees by the forestry sector by spraying glyphosate and excessively eliminating fire from the landscape has had a catastrophic impact on the risk of wildfires across BC. The mono-culture of only planting one type of fast growing tree has increased the fire risk which is naturally mitigated by biodiversity and leads to a the compounding effect of pine beetle kill. Ultimately, when forests are managed as a large farm for the forestry sector, blights and disasters such as fire will have an increased impacted on both communities and the forest itself. The best thing to reduce the risk of wildfires is to manage forests for natural biodiversity. Forests go through a natural cycle of recovery after fire or deforestation, where grasses first, deciduous second, and finally coniferous trees reclaim the landscape. Failing to replant a natural collection of plants and trees in favour of pine cultivation is detrimental.</div>
<div class="ls-answers answer-item text-item ">
<br /></div>
<div class="ls-answers answer-item text-item ">
<h3>
A vital step in landscape-level planning is understanding what is
important to the public. Based on what is important to you or your
community, what information on the condition of resource values such as
species-at-risk habitat do you think is necessary to support the
planning process?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
The most important thing for me, my family, and my community is maintaining healthy and thriving habitat for wildlife and fish populations for the purpose of hunting and fishing. For me and my community, hunting and fishing plays a central role in our lives. It allows us to put organic, natural, healthy and ethically sourced food on the table and allows us to enjoy BC's natural beauty. It is distressing to see the gradual loss of hunting and fishing opportunities as forestry sector and other resource sector jobs damage the environment with no accountability or enforcement or requirement for meaningful restoration and habitat recovery. Jobs in rural BC are obviously very important as well, and the solution is not to simply halt forestry or create protected areas which the public has limited access to. It is critical to balance both the jobs of rural BC with how imperative it is to protect, maintain, and enhance habitat to recover and increase wildlife populations. This can be done with careful planning and the inclusion of provincial biologists in protecting and ensuring recourse activities have a net positive impact on habitat and wildlife populations through using increased fees paid by the resource sector to be directed back into wildlife management. It is critical that provincial biologists and conservation officers have the funding and enforcement powers needed to manage habitat and wildlife for long term sustainability and growth. The resource sector and healthy wildlife populations are not inherently opposing priorities. Many jurisdictions in the United States have thriving and growing populations of game species as a result of habitat restoration and protection paid for by fees from the resource sector and excise taxes on outdoor recreation equipment. It is not impossible to have your cake and eat it too in the area of enhancing wildlife populations and allowing sustainable resource sector jobs.<br />
<br />
<h3>
How would you like to be involved in the planning process?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
I would like to be involved by having a single location online where I can sign up for notifications and read about planned activities in BC forests. Also, it should be incumbent on anyone wishing to be involved in the planning process to prove their legitimacy as a stakeholder. It is my deep concern that foreign funded organizations play an illegitimate role in shaping policy in forest and wildlife management. The UK cosmetics company LUSH spends huge amounts of money funding anti-hunting organizations masquerading as environmental groups and mobilizes well-meaning but uninformed urbanites who have never and will never venture into the woods to support their anti-meat agenda, while the American forestry company Weyerhaeuser pretends to be advocating for jobs when really they are looking at profits. Neither group is a legitimate stakeholder in how BC forests and wildlife should be managed. The people who live, spend time, and make a living in the regions where the planning is taking place are the only legitimate stakeholders. Please consult First Nations, hunters and anglers, outdoor recreation groups, and local residents of the region where the planning is taking place.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Resource roads are a valuable asset in the province as they provide access for the forest industry, ranchers, other resource users, and the public for commercial
and recreation purposes. Yet, these same road networks are costly to
maintain and have potential negative impacts on wildlife, water quality
and fish habitat. What values do you believe are important to consider
when planning new roads, road use and maintenance, and deactivation in
your area?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
Roads have a scientifically proven impact on habitat, fish, and wildlife. Numerous scientific papers confirm this. Deactivation by simply pulling culverts has a negligible impact on mitigating their impact on ecosystems. Reforesting roads is required to restore and recover habitat. Obviously, a balanced approach is required to allow access for both industry and the public without unnecessarily or irreversibly harming wildlife and fish populations. This is where scientific monitoring by provincial biologists and conservation officers should inform decision making on road deactivation and reforestation. Wildlife and fish populations are the canary in the coal mine to inform decision making about the level road deactivation and reforesting that is required. If wildlife or fish populations are declining, then deactivation and reforesting is more urgent. If populations are sustainable or growing, then road density can be maintained. Ultimately, we need to manage our forests for the long term health of BC plant and animal species.<br />
<br />
<h3>
How can the Province improve transparency and timelines of
information regarding proposed operational and landscape-level
objectives, plans and results?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
It is critical that the government publish, in an easy to read format, at a central location online, objectives, plans and results of landscape-level planning. It is also critical that objectives be measurable and meaningful with sufficient resources to monitor and enforce. For decades we have seen the slow decline in fish and wildlife populations which indicates that the process is clearly failing, yet there is no transparency and even less accountability. It should be mandated that having a net-positive impact on habitat, fish and wildlife populations, and biodiversity be a condition of resource sector operations which is planned for and monitored by provincial biologists and enforced by conservation officers and police. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
What information will help inform your feedback on plans that may
impact you, your community or your business (e.g., maps of cutblocks and
roads planned in your area, hydrological assessments, wildlife habitat
areas or recreation opportunities, etc)?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
Detailed maps, reports from biologists on native biodiversity, fish, and wildlife populations, and the criticality of the habitat, as well as a detailed plan of how the habitat impacts will be reversed or restored following the resource sector operations or how they will be offset or mitigated would greatly help inform feedback on the impacts of planned resource extraction.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
What additional values should be considered in FRPA that will allow us to manage forest and range practices in a better way?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
The values of hunter and angler conservationists should be considered in the FRPA. Hunter and angler conservationists want to ensure fish and wildlife populations thrive in BC. It is easy to assume this is simply because we want to hunt or hook these animals and fish. While we do enjoy hunting and fishing, and enjoy the food it puts on the table, the main reason every hunter and angler I have ever met wants to ensure healthy and abundant fish and wildlife populations in BC is because when you spend weeks or months in the woods, quietly learning about the habitat and animals of BC, you gain an unparalleled love for the beauty and preciousness of nature. The nature of BC is one of a kind and once it is gone, it may never come back. Healthy and thriving fish and wildlife populations mean that there is a healthy ecosystem with native biodiversity. We are the custodians of this great natural beauty which can sustain us through hunting and fishing, recreation, and also industrial activities if they are managed carefully for long term sustainability. Hunter and angler conservationists don't see nature as something to be exploited for profit or tamed for agriculture, but rather appreciate the richness of it simply remaining wild. There are many countries in the would which have lost their native species hundreds of years ago to the ignorance or greed of development and there are many poor countries today that are trading their natural heritage for socioeconomic development. BC stands at a crossroads where we can either become like Europe, which has lost most of its biodiversity, or make a serious stand and invest in protecting and restoring forests, fish, and wildlife populations so that we can still call ourselves Beautiful British Columbia for generations to come. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
In what ways should the province strengthen government oversight and
industry accountability regarding forest and range activities to better
address the challenges of climate change and the interests of all
British Columbians?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
The province should strengthen oversight and industry accountability by funding forest, wildlife and habitat management to levels comparable to jurisdictions which are succeeding in maintaining healthy fish and wildlife populations. This means roughly a ten times increase in funding. The increase in funding can come from fees levied on resource extraction and forestry, excise taxes on outdoor recreation equipment, fees for tourism sector groups such as ski hills and whale watching, increased fees on hunting and fishing licences. With adequate funding, provincial biologists would have the resources to monitor the health of forests, streams, and wildlife, participate in planning of resource sector activities, monitor impacts, and recovery efforts, and work with conservation officers to enforce and maintain accountability. Right now, provincial biologists and conservation officers barely have the funding required to monitor the free-fall declines in certain fish and wildlife populations, but do not have the resources to prevent, or reverse the trend. Fish and wildlife managers across north America have proven they know how to use science to restore and maintain healthy wildlife populations if they have the resources and enforcement powers to do so. We must use the best science and adequate funding to manage the effects of climate change so that we can maintain healthy wilderness in BC. </div>
</div>
</div>
Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-43127076365372736942019-07-12T12:32:00.000-07:002019-07-13T13:34:43.763-07:00Alert: Have your say on Forest Practices in BC in 3 easy steps!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_km3wCLnQdh90_fQDuoN8t8KBqmoQq06jAVQDyaz9bIeClI-bdYnXSkTt87nVxsHyxITTyipPSqo4Dsh2Wi0uf_0ZoegqFyzLAIt8JtTQstsKy1bcqIdSJYbStwghRcIz5Gnh3Mqa1W_/s1600/FRPA.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="877" data-original-width="706" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF_km3wCLnQdh90_fQDuoN8t8KBqmoQq06jAVQDyaz9bIeClI-bdYnXSkTt87nVxsHyxITTyipPSqo4Dsh2Wi0uf_0ZoegqFyzLAIt8JtTQstsKy1bcqIdSJYbStwghRcIz5Gnh3Mqa1W_/s400/FRPA.JPG" width="321" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><u>Alert: Have your say on
Forest Practices in BC in 3 easy steps!</u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
The
government wants to hear from British Columbians about how forests
should be managed in BC. Other environmental and industry groups will
certainly be making their voices heard.
This is your opportunity to ensure that lots of hunters and anglers are part of the conversation. Every comment counts! We need you! The deadline is
<b>July 15, 2019 at 4:00
p.m</b>.
so don't wait!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u><b>What to do:</b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
1) Read the
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u%3DSsB7XRrXylzhI735RucAgwwnNLYeA35F003C6scbA-u24fk1VDyU8Z5tQwSoHxSfJJ99pZNMGN78fkdQmTo4kZVv6cZoXBtO02dQmY7pitVP4jUfRFDuwraBJteKrIlG%26e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D7&source=gmail&ust=1562976036497000&usg=AFQjCNGZt0a5GH5aP7PQYzHjQln7qTP42g" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u=SsB7XRrXylzhI735RucAgwwnNLYeA35F003C6scbA-u24fk1VDyU8Z5tQwSoHxSfJJ99pZNMGN78fkdQmTo4kZVv6cZoXBtO02dQmY7pitVP4jUfRFDuwraBJteKrIlG&e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=7" target="_blank">Discussion
Paper</a> to learn about the issues. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2) Click on the
<a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u%3DfZ1xxQX_UsTtovbR1QnEmpL3F_4-p-YAmK1_jj1L4iQRRzO32RDT1PrvCAs-EbFg5f7scG1Y1h1dMXZvKdmkHQ%26e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D8&source=gmail&ust=1562976036497000&usg=AFQjCNHxa0JvnLT-gQsmp3GbQxHasyLSqg" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u=fZ1xxQX_UsTtovbR1QnEmpL3F_4-p-YAmK1_jj1L4iQRRzO32RDT1PrvCAs-EbFg5f7scG1Y1h1dMXZvKdmkHQ&e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=8" target="_blank">online
feedback form</a> to have your say!</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span>3) Last, take 1 minute to send this form
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/take_action?e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D10%23/111&source=gmail&ust=1563136441281000&usg=AFQjCNGp86ybpziGF97ahbQ8ElnD035LHQ" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/take_action?e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=10#/111" target="_blank">letter</a></span><i><span> </span></i></span>to the minister in charge, Doug Donaldson. Enter your address, postal code, and country on the left and click <b>GO</b>. Follow the instructions and customize the letter if you have more to add. Then all you have to do is click <b>SEND</b>. If you want to write your own letter then you can send it to <a href="mailto:engagefrpa@gov.bc.ca" target="_blank">engagefrpa@gov.bc.ca</a><b>. </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>... and you're DONE! That was easy!!!!</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
If you want a little guidance on what the BCBHA thinks about these issues, here is a cheat sheet.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b></b>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u><b>Region 2 BCBHA Cheat Sheet:</b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u><b>
</b></u></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><u><b>"Landscape level management" could be a good thing</b></u>.</li>
<li><u><b>Set limits on the combined impact </b></u>of forestry, mining, oil and gas, roads, etc. on habitat</li>
<li><u><b>Include measurable objectives</b></u> to restore habitat and wildlife populations.</li>
<li><u><b>Enforce the limits and recovery objectives!</b></u> There are lots of smart scientists and conservation officers who know how to restore habitat and increase wildlife populations.</li>
<li><u><b>Leave it better than you found it!</b></u>
It shouldn't matter if you are a forestry company, snowmobiler, or
hiker. It should be the law that you leave the backcountry better than
you found it. </li>
<li><u><b>Let's work together on climate change.</b></u> Everyone needs a voice at the table to make sure our precious backcountry is still around for the next generation.</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;">
If you are interested in the
detailed and nuanced BCBHA official position, here is some additional
reading which may help inform your response. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><u><b>The Official BCBHA Position</b></u>
</i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>BCBHA supports changes
to FRPA proposed in the provincial <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u%3DSsB7XRrXylzhI735RucAgwwnNLYeA35F003C6scbA-u24fk1VDyU8Z5tQwSoHxSfJJ99pZNMGN78fkdQmTo4kZVv6cZoXBtO02dQmY7pitVP4jUfRFDuwraBJteKrIlG%26e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D7&source=gmail&ust=1562976036497000&usg=AFQjCNGZt0a5GH5aP7PQYzHjQln7qTP42g" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u=SsB7XRrXylzhI735RucAgwwnNLYeA35F003C6scbA-u24fk1VDyU8Z5tQwSoHxSfJJ99pZNMGN78fkdQmTo4kZVv6cZoXBtO02dQmY7pitVP4jUfRFDuwraBJteKrIlG&e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=7" target="_blank">Discussion
Paper</a> that will improve conservation and
environmental stewardship. In particular, BCBHA wants to see FRPA
improvement include the following key points:
</i></span><br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Revise FRPA to provide clear, enforceable legislation that
guides landscape level management for forests and
grasslands. </i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Include measurable objectives for the management of
cumulative effects from industry, forestry, recreation and
development</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Landscape level management requires integration between FRPA
and other legislation and ministries. Wildlife, habitat, and access
management need to be incorporated into landscape level
planning.</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Require resource and recreation users to have net-positive
impact on biodiversity, water quality and critical wildlife habitat.
</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Improve collaboration in planning by developing stakeholder
groups that meet with government officials and industry.</i></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>
</i></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Join BCBHA in commenting on the
FPRA Improvement Initiative. Public feedback will be collected by the
provincial government until <b>July 15, 2019 at 4:00
p.m</b>. Participate by completing the <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u%3DfZ1xxQX_UsTtovbR1QnEmpL3F_4-p-YAmK1_jj1L4iQRRzO32RDT1PrvCAs-EbFg5f7scG1Y1h1dMXZvKdmkHQ%26e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D8&source=gmail&ust=1562976036497000&usg=AFQjCNHxa0JvnLT-gQsmp3GbQxHasyLSqg" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/r?u=fZ1xxQX_UsTtovbR1QnEmpL3F_4-p-YAmK1_jj1L4iQRRzO32RDT1PrvCAs-EbFg5f7scG1Y1h1dMXZvKdmkHQ&e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=8" target="_blank">online
feedback form</a>. BCBHA has detailed our thoughts on how FRPA should
be improved in this <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/frpa_improvement_initiative_comment_guide?e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D9&source=gmail&ust=1562976036498000&usg=AFQjCNGdbYAWi0Pmyu-UByBYEp4XJ4r81Q" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/frpa_improvement_initiative_comment_guide?e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=9" target="_blank"><b>comment
guide</b></a> to help you answer the questions. Or, if you are
short on time, send this <a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.backcountryhunters.org/take_action?e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D10%23/111&source=gmail&ust=1562976036498000&usg=AFQjCNEU9q3imG3o91p53Pm3g-NOUpRWOw" href="https://www.backcountryhunters.org/take_action?e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=10#/111" target="_blank"><b>letter</b></a>
to Minister Donaldson letting him know you support the improvement of
FRPA for the benefit of ecosystems and wildlife. </i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>
</i></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>Yours in conservation,</i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><i>
</i></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /><br />British Columbia BHA<br /><a data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.backcountryhunters.org/?e%3D46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a%26utm_source%3Dbackcountryhunters%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_campaign%3Dfrpa_comments%26n%3D11&source=gmail&ust=1562976036498000&usg=AFQjCNF3e8F4mZtY7p0Ie9esyH1ItmP-yg" href="http://www.backcountryhunters.org/?e=46011805a88a3a4c0a5bff732c30704a&utm_source=backcountryhunters&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=frpa_comments&n=11" target="_blank">http://www.backcountryhunters.<wbr></wbr>org/</a></i></span></div>
Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-20205992707894825272019-07-11T21:15:00.002-07:002019-07-13T15:41:06.383-07:00Choosing Your First Hunting Rifle<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkXqszYTHl6vIORKDuGhyWQ3K-R3EPBO-JJYV-7R3njUdvgWRwCuPpnbpwwu5iLjOajbsBGWVQXil-ypKvPm79Vbxc7UIc96VZ5vjJOcy9wPbT5f9wIRC_lER2IYXuJ0wdCgInG7yzACN/s1600/rifle.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="1000" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhkXqszYTHl6vIORKDuGhyWQ3K-R3EPBO-JJYV-7R3njUdvgWRwCuPpnbpwwu5iLjOajbsBGWVQXil-ypKvPm79Vbxc7UIc96VZ5vjJOcy9wPbT5f9wIRC_lER2IYXuJ0wdCgInG7yzACN/s640/rifle.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
There is so much information on the internet about rifles that trying to choose your first one can seem like a very daunting task. Much of what can be found out there has either a sales pitch or falls into the category of people arguing over irrelevant nuance. Before I bought my first rifle, I waded through countless forums and articles trying to find some insight into what to choose. Then I went to Reliable Gun in Vancouver and Nick helped me choose my first rifle back in 2013. I had such a good, no pressure, non-intimidating first experience there that it has become my go-to place for all things hunting and shooting. Shane, Nick, and the rest of the staff consistently make me feel welcomed and are very patient with my questions.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSfwLyIS5eMdaiDf16rrxNlpY13UY8j3AGvdaPN3Q-ffG3n6iFJB-MBjdS4aa7Qxb8CBYL-jPalXYytH1hwTnl5U_WvQ15w6TTr3nlfZpoVjfXzU2NdtE0MRF4BAyQ2MLxHS95SDfC8z3O/s1600/0024740.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="319" data-original-width="956" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSfwLyIS5eMdaiDf16rrxNlpY13UY8j3AGvdaPN3Q-ffG3n6iFJB-MBjdS4aa7Qxb8CBYL-jPalXYytH1hwTnl5U_WvQ15w6TTr3nlfZpoVjfXzU2NdtE0MRF4BAyQ2MLxHS95SDfC8z3O/s320/0024740.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.reliablegun.com/en/">https://www.reliablegun.com/en/</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Here, I'll try to summarize it all and separate fact from fiction. For this article, we'll assume you've taken the firearms safety course and have a basic familiarity with calibres and types of actions.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h3>
What are you hunting?</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
Most articles on this topic will tell you that different cartridges are best for different animals. In short, that's crap.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />
For hunting in BC, there are small game rifles, big game rifles, and shotguns. If you're going after small game such as rabbits, grouse or squirrels, then you should probably consider a .22 LR or other small, low recoil cartridge. If you are going after waterfowl or upland birds, then a 12 gauge shotgun with a 3" or 3 1/2" shells with a 26" to 30" barrel and changeable chokes will suite you well. However, for hunting big game, meaning from deer to bison, you'll need a big game rifle.<br />
<br />
For big game, there are really two approaches to take. The first is choosing a rifle which can do it all, and the second is to choose the best rifle for a particular animal. If you are budget constrained like me, then the first approach is likely best. <br />
<br />
Choosing a do-it-all hunting rifle is not as hard as some would lead you to believe, but it does come with a few potential drawbacks. A do-it-all rifle will come at the cost of being slightly more powerful than is required for smaller "big game animals" like deer. This means that a poorly placed shot might result in more meat damage than might have been avoided with a smaller calibre.<br />
<br />
A second potential drawback of a do-it-all is the increased recoil which could dissuade you from practicing at the range as much as you should or worse yet, could cause you to develop an accuracy robbing flinch. Generally, most people can shoot a few boxes of ammo in a practice session through rifles up to 300 WIN MAG. Beyond that, many people find the recoil too punishing with larger cartridges and consciously or subconsciously prefer not to shoot more than a couple rounds. Having a firearm you dislike firing means you won't practice enough to be able to take ethical shots at animals. That said, the do-it-all cartridges are great and most people find them to be more than adequate for hunting any big game on the continent.<br />
<br />
The do-it-all cartridges include 270 WIN, 7mm REM MAG, .308 WIN, .30-06 Springfield, 300 WIN MAG and many others in between. All of these cartridges are capable of sending a 150 grain (grain is a measure of weight) bullet down range with plenty of speed and power for most game in BC. The one exception being bison, where hunting rules mandate a 175 grain bullet with has retained at least 2000 ft-lbs of energy after flying 100m. That rules out the 270 WIN, and limits the choices for ammo for a 7mm REM MAG, so if you are serious about bison then you'll need at least a .308 WIN or larger.<br />
<br />
There are many other cartridges in and around the size of those I've listed, but they are less common which means that if you need to run out and get a box of ammo at the local sporting store in a remote corner of BC, you may be out of luck. For cartridges smaller than 270 WIN, most people start to consider them a deer only round. For cartridges larger than a 300 WIN MAG the recoil becomes more and more punishing meaning people are less likely to practice and might develop a flinch, while they provide little to no benefit to hunting. <br />
<br />
If you are wondering about the difference between the do-it-all cartridges the answer is nothing. Well, not nothing, but very little. The animal doesn't know the difference. It is a complete myth that any one of them is more or less accurate than another. The larger ones have more recoil and the ones that send the bullet out of the barrel faster shoot a little flatter. If you want the best accuracy, get the best rifle and optics you can afford, try a bunch of different brands and types of ammo, and practice a ton. Shot placement is far more important to ethically shooting an animal than what bullet you choose or rifle you buy.<br />
<br />
If you really twisted my arm, I would say it's a 3-way tie between .308 WIN, .30-06 Springfield, and 300 WIN MAG. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Budget</h3>
<br />
Generally, you can get a good rifle from $600 to $1400 and comparable optics in the same range. You should generally budget about as much for optics as for the rifle itself. Anything below about $600 is likely inadequate and you'll come to regret your purchase when it doesn't perform or you outgrow it.<br />
<br />
Also, consider the cost of practice. Most do-it-all rifles cost about the same amount to shoot and a lot of that comes down to the brand and type of bullet you choose. If you want to get in some additional inexpensive practice, consider getting a .22 LR to practice the basic. Ultimately, you'll still need to practice a lot with your hunting rifle so you develop the skill and muscle memory to take ethical shots at game. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Action</h3>
<br />
Bolt action rifles are simple and by far the most common for hunting. There are certainly semi-automatic hunting rifles, but they are typically heavier and more expensive. I would stick to bolt action for a first hunting rifle.<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Weight</h3>
<br />
For a hunting rifle, remember, you'll be carrying this rifle all day, up and down hills, and may even have to hold for an offhand shot for several minutes without moving. Many manufacturers make light weight rifles and they are very much worth considering, even at a slightly increased cost. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Stainless or Blued </h3>
<br />
If you are hunting in BC, you are likely to face changing weather, sudden storms, and moisture. Many people have blued rifles which they have used in all weather conditions for years, but if neglected and left wet they can be susceptible to rust. I prefer stainless for that peace of mind, never having to worry about moisture damaging my rifle. Nowadays, you can get stainless rifles which are coloured black if you dislike the colour of a silver barrel. Stainless also costs slightly more on average, but again, I think it's worth it.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FIhVFmOwqNMhTPfn_dmvBzB9rp_jwmOpmb4DYhEtv0Qb3OMU2vwT-8CT2pxDXlWGGTKbcy881ugObcBXoQdRjmxgVbpz2S9t3xcIecLL5nzWmsoXVRPYpgMenMC_p26FsSYHBm6iIGBG/s1600/Browning+Stainless.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="85" data-original-width="594" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FIhVFmOwqNMhTPfn_dmvBzB9rp_jwmOpmb4DYhEtv0Qb3OMU2vwT-8CT2pxDXlWGGTKbcy881ugObcBXoQdRjmxgVbpz2S9t3xcIecLL5nzWmsoXVRPYpgMenMC_p26FsSYHBm6iIGBG/s640/Browning+Stainless.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Browning X-Bolt with stainless barrel and composite stock ~$1350 CAD</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8KSnXlLFfI-0mzjzmgdZkt2z8tY5OOdPvfMqhAb19WlL2pjRPR_8eYBloX9-A1JtgbYf_hwPgceEngfefc3Q7nNbiBtXfwpDdVvGeNNs_gf9gwoev-uaK1C6-2t9FXfWTDmFHJRnOSG8/s1600/cq5dam.web.835.835.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="835" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8KSnXlLFfI-0mzjzmgdZkt2z8tY5OOdPvfMqhAb19WlL2pjRPR_8eYBloX9-A1JtgbYf_hwPgceEngfefc3Q7nNbiBtXfwpDdVvGeNNs_gf9gwoev-uaK1C6-2t9FXfWTDmFHJRnOSG8/s640/cq5dam.web.835.835.jpeg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Browning X-Bolt with blued barrel and wood stock ~$1100 CAD</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Detachable Magazine</h3>
<br />
In Canada it is illegal to have a loaded firearm in or on a vehicle, therefore, all rounds need to be removed from the firearm when in a car or on an ATV. While we all want that picturesque experience where we hiked, stalked, and succeeded in getting an animal, it can easily happen that you see a legal animal while driving to and from the trailhead. I have watched people fumble trying to load a round into their rifle's internal magazine and regret not having a detachable magazine when they miss an opportunity at game. A detachable magazine is very much worth it.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detachable magazine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Wood or Synthetic Stock</h3>
<br />
Mostly a matter of style preference, synthetic stocks are less susceptible to neglect than wood. If you're like me, I prefer the look and love the durability of a synthetic stock, but to each their own.<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Brands</h3>
<br />
Honestly, you get what you pay for. Don't expect a $400 rifle to perform like a $1200 rifle, and the same goes for optics. Personally, I really like Browning, Tikka, and Weatherby. The best thing to do is handle the rifles at the gun store. Feel the bolt cycle, dry fire it to see if you like the trigger, inspect it closely for defects and overall quality. I went into the store thinking I wanted to buy a Remington 700, but much preferred everything about the Browning once I had it in my hands. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Optics</h3>
<br />
As a rule of thumb, you should spend half your budget on the rifle and half on the optics. That's a pretty rough rule of thumb. Generally, you get what you pay for with optics. The low end optics won't hold their zero, leading to inaccuracy, and the high end optics will give you excellent clarity in the sight picture. In the vast middle ground there are many good manufacturers. Most people who hunt opt for a 3-9 times magnification scope. Generally that provides a good balance between field of view and zoom. Objective lens size makes little difference other than weight, so consider a smaller diameter lens. These days, many manufacturers are offering unlimited warranties, but some others aren't, so consider that some time in the future you may drop your rifle and damage the scope.<br />
<br />
Next there is reticle style. Z-Plex reticles are zeroed at a point (usually 100m or 200m) where anywhere between you and that zero range the bullet's arc is within a couple inches of the centre, so for hunting that's good enough. BDC stands for Bullet Drop Compensator reticle which gives you marks for approximately how far your bullet has dropped at different ranges beyond where you zero'ed it. The zero point for a BDC is often 100 yards and the marks below are approximately how far your bullet will drop beyond that distance for a specific type and weight of bullet. If you want to use a BDC reticle then make sure it matches your firearm's cartridge. MIL dot or MOA reticles use miliradians (MIL) or minutes of angle (MOA) marks to let adjust your aim based on what you have calculated for how far your bullet will drop due to gravity or how far it will drift due to the wind.<br />
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<br />
Beyond about 200m, wind and the arc of the bullet due to gravity start to make a difference that is significant enough to mean you could easily miss or wound an animal if you don't know what you're doing. It is arrogant foolishness to shoot at an animal further away than you have practiced shooting. <br />
<br />
For a beginner, a Z-plex is more than adequate, a BDC if matched for your rifle is good if you want to practice out to 400m, and an angular measurement reticle (MOA or MIL) is great if you want to really put in the time at the range to perfect your shooting and learn the science of ballistics. <br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Rings</h3>
Often overlooked, rings connect your scope to the rifle. If they are poor quality then your accuracy will suffer. Don't cheap out on rings.<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Bipods</h3>
I like having a bipod, It means I have more options to rest my rifle and get the best accuracy. As a side benefit, when nature calls, you can put your rifle down on the ground without it getting dirty. As an alternative to bipods, people shoot off their packs or camera/spotting scope tripods or shooting sticks. Bipods are heavy, but I think a good quality Harris bipod is worth it.<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Carry Straps</h3>
<br />
Honestly, I rarely use my strap, but many people swear by them. I usually ready carry my rifle or cradle it in my crossed arms. If I am with someone then I might strap it to my backpack during a long hike or climb. The strap I bought is too wide and while you might think it spreads the load, I just find that it slides off my shoulder. Ideally, my next strap will be narrower and sit nicely between my backpack strap and neck rather than span that distance and slide off.<br />
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Summary</h3>
<br />
Choose a rifle you like and one you will practice with at the range. Most people will not practice nearly enough with their rifles to maintain or improve their skills. Most of the decision making comes down to personal preference. Generally, for a good first rifle you should expect to spend between $800 and $1200 for the rifle and between $600 to $1000 for optics. I would pick a Tikka or Browning in either .308 WIN, or .30-06 Springfield, with a stainless barrel and synthetic stock and a 3-9x scope with a good warranty.<br />
<br />
After getting the rifle, go to the range with as many different boxes of ammo as you can afford. Pick different bullet weights, types, brands, and price points. Set up a targets at 100m and shoot 4 bullet groups of each type of bullet, letting your rifle cool between groups. You'll find what ammo your rifle likes best. Then, just practice practice practice.<br />
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com33tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-61144351225956489182019-05-15T10:42:00.000-07:002019-05-15T10:42:00.051-07:00Paper: Saving Endangered Species Using Adaptive ManagementVancouver Hunter: I was recently listening to the Rookie Hunter Podcast whose guest was Jesse Zeman of the BCWF. They were discussing caribou recovery and the recent controversy around some of the specific measures such as predator management and ungulate population reduction. Jesse mentioned a paper on the subject and was kind enough to email me the link. I strongly suggest everyone read it.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181" target="_blank">https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181</a><br />
<br />
Scientific management of habitat, wildlife, and fish is the only way we can hope to preserve and restore species like caribou or steelhead in BC. Science means objective facts, truth, and results. Science is not an opinion. Science doesn't care if you are an anti-hunter, a hunter, or have some other agenda. If we are to have any hope of gaining and maintaining public support to protect what we value so dearly then we need to uphold science-based management as an impartial decision maker on behalf fish and wildlife, even when it may be contrary to our short-term interests. <br />
<br />
For caribou to recover they need high quality habitat. That means lichen bearing trees which are hundreds of years old, minimal harassment from humans on snowmobiles and ATV, and natural levels of predation. Currently, logging has diminished food supplies and left many roads in its wake. Humans and predators use these roads to gain access to caribou in their habitat. Also, as a consequence of logging, moose and white-tailed deer populations have increased which in turn leads to an increase in predator numbers. The increased predator numbers and their improved access to caribou is a serious one-two punch to population numbers. If we want to protect caribou numbers while the habitat recovers, then we need a sustained predator management effort which includes both heavy culling and a reduction of their other food sources in critical caribou areas. <br />
<br />
Ultimately, the question we need to ask ourselves is are we willing to do what it takes for our children and grandchildren to have threatened species like caribou and steelhead remain in BC. We may need to give up some access roads, we may take a hit on our forestry or fishing sectors, we may have to cull some ungulates and predators. Is it worth it? Is that something we want? I say yes.<br />
<br />
Paper:<br />
<br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
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<br />
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Saving endangered species using adaptive management</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
Robert Serrouya, Dale R. Seip, Dave Hervieux, Bruce N. McLellan, R.
Scott McNay, Robin Steenweg, Doug C. Heard, Mark Hebblewhite, Michael
Gillingham, and Stan Boutin</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
PNAS March 26, 2019 116 (13) 6181-6186; first published March 11, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816923116</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Edited by James A. Estes,
University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, and approved February 6, 2019
(received for review October 2, 2018)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="executive-summary">
<h2 class="">
Significance</h2>
<div id="p-4">
A replicated management experiment was conducted across >90,000 km<sup>2</sup>
to test recovery options for woodland caribou, a species that was
functionally extirpated from the contiguous United States in March 2018.
Recovery options were reductions of predators, reductions of
overabundant prey, translocations, and creating fenced refuges from
predators. Population growth was strongest where multiple recovery
options were applied simultaneously. This adaptive management study was
one of the largest predator-prey manipulations ever conducted and
provided positive results for this endangered North American ungulate.</div>
</div>
<div class="section abstract" id="abstract-2">
<h2>
Abstract</h2>
<div id="p-5">
Adaptive
management is a powerful means of learning about complex ecosystems,
but is rarely used for recovering endangered species. Here, we
demonstrate how it can benefit woodland caribou, which became the first
large mammal extirpated from the contiguous United States in recent
history. The continental scale of forest alteration and extended time
needed for forest recovery means that relying only on habitat protection
and restoration will likely fail. Therefore, population management is
also needed as an emergency measure to avoid further extirpation.
Reductions of predators and overabundant prey, translocations, and
creating safe havens have been applied in a design covering >90,000
km<sup>2</sup>. Combinations of treatments that increased multiple vital
rates produced the highest population growth. Moreover, the degree of
ecosystem alteration did not influence this pattern. By coordinating
recovery involving scientists, governments, and First Nations,
treatments were applied across vast scales to benefit this iconic
species.</div>
</div>
<ul class="kwd-group">
<li class="kwd"><a class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-adaptive-management" href="https://www.pnas.org/keyword/adaptive-management" rel="nofollow">adaptive management</a></li>
<li class="kwd"><a class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-conservation" href="https://www.pnas.org/keyword/conservation" rel="nofollow">conservation</a></li>
<li class="kwd"><a class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-predator-prey-dynamics" href="https://www.pnas.org/keyword/predator-prey-dynamics" rel="nofollow">predator-prey dynamics</a></li>
<li class="kwd"><a class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-apparent-competition" href="https://www.pnas.org/keyword/apparent-competition" rel="nofollow">apparent competition</a></li>
<li class="kwd"><a class="hw-term hw-article-keyword hw-article-keyword-ecosystem-experiment" href="https://www.pnas.org/keyword/ecosystem-experiment" rel="nofollow">ecosystem experiment</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="flushleft" id="p-6">
The late Graeme Caughley emphasized that naturally rare yet broadly distributed species are the most challenging to conserve (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-1" id="xref-ref-1-1">1</a>).
These organisms will overlap with many other valuable natural
resources, creating the potential for substantial socioeconomic
conflict. Such large-landscape species also encompass many ecological
scales, inherently leading to increased uncertainty (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-2" id="xref-ref-2-1">2</a>). Scientists have increasingly called for management experiments to help resolve such uncertainty (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-3" id="xref-ref-3-1">3</a>),
but the challenge has been to apply treatments at sufficiently broad
scales of space and time to include relevant ecosystem processes. This
approach is referred to as adaptive management and is predicated on
creating lasting partnerships between scientists and resource managers
to test alternative hypotheses using contrasting policies (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-4" id="xref-ref-4-1">4</a><a class="xref-down-link" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-5" id="xref-ref-5-1"><span>⇓</span></a>–<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-6" id="xref-ref-6-1">6</a>).</div>
<div id="p-7">
Adaptive
management was initially intended to guide the sustainable consumption
of natural resources, such as fisheries or wood fiber (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-4" id="xref-ref-4-2">4</a>).
But can this method be successfully applied to recovering endangered
species? Many have argued that it can, but examples are rare (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-7" id="xref-ref-7-1">7</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-8" id="xref-ref-8-1">8</a>).
We highlight this approach using perhaps the greatest terrestrial
conservation challenge in North America: recovering woodland caribou (<em>Rangifer tarandus caribou</em>). These animals live across 3 million km<sup>2</sup>
from Alaska to Newfoundland, and their critical habitat overlaps
petroleum deposits and forest stands worth billions of dollars (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-9" id="xref-ref-9-1">9</a>).
Caribou are also a key umbrella species for boreal biodiversity, and
their range covers one of the largest carbon stores on the planet—the
boreal forest (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-10" id="xref-ref-10-1">10</a>). Most populations are in decline and extirpation is ongoing (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-11" id="xref-ref-11-1">11</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-12" id="xref-ref-12-1">12</a>), setting the stage for an unparalleled conflict between conservation and natural-resource economies (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-9" id="xref-ref-9-2">9</a>).
With three barren females remaining in the only population south of the
49th parallel, caribou are the first large-mammal extirpation in recent
history from the contiguous United States (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-13" id="xref-ref-13-1">13</a>).</div>
<div id="p-8">
The
complexity of this problem is the result of broad alterations to
ecosystem dynamics across three trophic levels: vegetation, herbivores,
and carnivores (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-14" id="xref-ref-14-1">14</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-15" id="xref-ref-15-1">15</a>) (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F1" id="xref-fig-1-1">Fig. 1</a>). Even under pristine conditions, caribou are less fecund than deer (<em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) or moose (<em>Alces alces</em>) (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-16" id="xref-ref-16-1">16</a>) and can be more vulnerable once encountered by predators (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-17" id="xref-ref-17-1">17</a>).
Yet, in human-altered systems, the creation of productive, early seral
forests buoy primary prey numbers such as moose and deer (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-18" id="xref-ref-18-1">18</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-19" id="xref-ref-19-1">19</a>). Thence, predator numbers are maintained by the more numerous moose and deer (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-20" id="xref-ref-20-1">20</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-21" id="xref-ref-21-1">21</a>),
creating a decoupling between predator numbers and caribou.
Consequently, caribou can decline to extinction while predators are
maintained by generalist herbivores (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-14" id="xref-ref-14-2">14</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-22" id="xref-ref-22-1">22</a>). This process is referred to as apparent competition (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-23" id="xref-ref-23-1">23</a>) and affects many threatened taxa (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-24" id="xref-ref-24-1">24</a>),
especially as climate and land-use change facilitate the spread of
generalist prey. In the well-known case of California’s Channel Island
fox (<em>Urocyon littoralis</em>), invasive feral pigs (<em>Sus scrofa</em>) subsidized predatory golden eagles (<em>Aquila chrysaetos</em>), causing declines in this endangered fox (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-25" id="xref-ref-25-1">25</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-26" id="xref-ref-26-1">26</a>).
Recovery was achieved by the simultaneous reduction of pigs and eagles.
In that case, the subsidy of overabundant prey could be reversed
relatively quickly. For woodland caribou, however, subsidies of prey
will last for decades because of long-term changes to forest age
distributions (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F1" id="xref-fig-1-2">Fig. 1</a>). Therefore, the classic solution of protecting remaining critical habitat (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-27" id="xref-ref-27-1">27</a>)
will not save most caribou populations because of the time needed to
recover old forests and the continental scale of disturbance (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-28" id="xref-ref-28-1">28</a>).
In such cases, population management is needed until protection and
recovery of habitat overcome the legacy of industrial development.
Population-based recovery measures include direct predator reductions (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-29" id="xref-ref-29-1">29</a>), prey reductions that lead to fewer predators (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-30" id="xref-ref-30-1">30</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-31" id="xref-ref-31-1">31</a>),
animal translocations, and the creation of short-term safe havens from
predators (predator-proof fences, i.e., maternal pens). Reducing
predators can produce immediate benefits (<a class="xref-bibr article-ref-popup hasTooltip" data-hasqtip="2" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-29" id="xref-ref-29-2">29</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-32" id="xref-ref-32-1">32</a><a class="xref-down-link" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-33" id="xref-ref-33-1"><span>⇓</span></a>–<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-34" id="xref-ref-34-1">34</a>) but can be unpopular because it is a proximate, short-term solution (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-35" id="xref-ref-35-1">35</a>).
Reducing subsidized prey is one trophic level closer to the ultimate
cause, and safe havens are small (<10 ha) fenced areas that exclude
predators and protect caribou during the calving season.</div>
<div class="fig pos-float type-featured odd" id="F1">
<div class="highwire-figure">
<div class="fig-inline-img-wrapper">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qJPKtUjkEgLJ3SpeHDcMc0f2y45Wo8HCOfQT3Pco8xjBUH26Q2xZiRfPq_Yq9UQ8LEjv8q0rb3xcARktu8Nc2xsv3GLruHUqjjDiP4u6Jq1TATjljAWrjBpmMhjwS1AoeMLWszdPKlp1/s1600/F1.large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1280" height="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7qJPKtUjkEgLJ3SpeHDcMc0f2y45Wo8HCOfQT3Pco8xjBUH26Q2xZiRfPq_Yq9UQ8LEjv8q0rb3xcARktu8Nc2xsv3GLruHUqjjDiP4u6Jq1TATjljAWrjBpmMhjwS1AoeMLWszdPKlp1/s640/F1.large.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="fig-inline-img">
<a class="highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load highwireFiguresMarkupProcessor-processed cboxElement" data-figure-caption="<div class="highwire-markup">Process of apparent competition [AC; (23)] spanning three trophic levels: vegetation, herbivores, and carnivores. AC occurs between abundant primary prey (moose and deer) and endangered woodland caribou. In this instance, the early seral forests will last for decades, facilitating the subsidy of primary prey. Therefore, immediate management of large mammals (herbivores and carnivores) is required to recover caribou until the early seral forests transition to closed canopies. Image courtesy of Kate Broadley (Fuse Consulting, Alberta, Canada).</div>" data-hide-link-title="0" data-icon-position="" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/116/13/6181/F1.large.jpg?width=800&height=600&carousel=1" rel="gallery-fragment-images-1054647108" title="Process of apparent competition [AC; (23)] spanning three trophic levels: vegetation, herbivores, and carnivores. AC occurs between abundant primary prey (moose and deer) and endangered woodland caribou. In this instance, the early seral forests will last for decades, facilitating the subsidy of primary prey. Therefore, immediate management of large mammals (herbivores and carnivores) is required to recover caribou until the early seral forests transition to closed canopies. Image courtesy of Kate Broadley (Fuse Consulting, Alberta, Canada)."><span class="hw-responsive-img"><br /></span></a></div>
</div>
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</ul>
</div>
<div class="fig-caption">
<span class="fig-label">Fig. 1.</span> <div class="first-child" id="p-9">
Process of apparent competition [AC; (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-23" id="xref-ref-23-2">23</a>)]
spanning three trophic levels: vegetation, herbivores, and carnivores.
AC occurs between abundant primary prey (moose and deer) and endangered
woodland caribou. In this instance, the early seral forests will last
for decades, facilitating the subsidy of primary prey. Therefore,
immediate management of large mammals (herbivores and carnivores) is
required to recover caribou until the early seral forests transition to
closed canopies. Image courtesy of Kate Broadley (Fuse Consulting,
Alberta, Canada).</div>
<div class="first-child" id="p-9">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="p-10">
Here
we contrast management experiments designed to reduce uncertainty about
how to conserve endangered caribou. The primary hypothesis was that
population declines could be reversed by removing the proximate limiting
factor, excessive predation, because broad-scale ecosystem restoration
would take decades to achieve. We included early seral forest (<a class="xref-bibr article-ref-popup hasTooltip" data-hasqtip="3" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-36" id="xref-ref-36-1">36</a>) as a covariate to test the alternate hypothesis that the degree of ecosystem alteration would influence population response (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-27" id="xref-ref-27-2">27</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-37" id="xref-ref-37-1">37</a>).
This design essentially contrasts the proximate limiting factor of
predation with the ultimate factor of ecosystem alteration. We also
qualitatively evaluated how the intensity of treatments and population
size affected recovery. The population treatments covered large areas
(3,000–8,500 km<sup>2</sup>) and included predator removal (wolves; <em>n</em> = 6), subsidized-prey reduction (<em>n</em> = 4), predator removal plus safe havens (<em>n</em> = 1), and translocations of caribou (<em>n</em>
= 1). These were compared with six untreated, control populations. Our
synthesis revealed three conclusions that credibly inform recovery for
caribou and other endangered species. First, an adaptive management
framework, with control populations, was critical to determining if
population growth increased following a specific treatment. Second, a
treatment had to be applied intensively to produce a measurable effect.
Third, applying two treatments simultaneously produced an additive
effect on caribou population growth.</div>
<div class="section results" id="sec-1">
<h2 class="">
Results</h2>
<div class="flushleft" id="p-11">
We
compared the population growth rate (λ) of 12 caribou populations
before and after a treatment as well as 6 adjacent populations used as
experimental controls. Before treatments, 16 of 18 populations were in
decline (λ < 1; <a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F2" id="xref-fig-2-1">Fig. 2</a>).
After treatments began, 8 of 12 treated populations showed λ increases
of 0.04–0.28, and 6 of these 8 achieved stable or increasing λ (λ ≥ 1).
None of the control populations had positive population growth during
treatments. The most pronounced increase occurred within the Klinse-Za
(KZA) population (λ = 0.86–1.14), where the combination of wolf removal
plus maternal penning resulted in a near-doubling of population size,
from 36 to 67 animals between 2013 and 2018 (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>). The adjacent control populations, Graham (GRA) and Wolverine (WOL), continued to decline at λ = 0.65 and 0.86 (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F2" id="xref-fig-2-2">Fig. 2</a>).</div>
<div class="flushleft" id="p-11">
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<a class="highwire-fragment fragment-images colorbox-load highwireFiguresMarkupProcessor-processed cboxElement" data-figure-caption="<div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Population growth rates (λ; 1 = stability) before and after treatments were initiated, with controls matched by a similar time period (<em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1). Solid arrows indicate λ > 1. Population values apply to the beginning of treatment. Black outlines show woodland caribou range boundaries. (<em>Inset</em>) current (gray) and historic (dashed line) distribution in the contiguous United States and Canada. ALP, À la Pêche; CON, Columbia North; COS, Columbia South; FBQ, Frisby Queest; GRA, Graham; GRH, Groundhog; HAS, Hart South; KSI, Kennedy Siding; KZA, Klinse-Za; LSM, Little Smoky; PAR, Parsnip; PUS, Purcells South; QUI, Quintette; RPC, Redrock–Prairie Creek; SCE, Scott East; SSE, South Selkirks; WGS, Wells Gray South; WOL, Wolverine.</div></div>" data-hide-link-title="0" data-icon-position="" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/116/13/6181/F2.large.jpg?width=800&height=600&carousel=1" rel="gallery-fragment-images-1054647108" title="Population growth rates (λ; 1 = stability) before and after treatments were initiated, with controls matched by a similar time period (SI Appendix, Table S1). Solid arrows indicate λ > 1. Population values apply to the beginning of treatment. Black outlines show woodland caribou range boundaries. (Inset) current (gray) and historic (dashed line) distribution in the contiguous United States and Canada. ALP, À la Pêche; CON, Columbia North; COS, Columbia South; FBQ, Frisby Queest; GRA, Graham; GRH, Groundhog; HAS, Hart South; KSI, Kennedy Siding; KZA, Klinse-Za; LSM, Little Smoky; PAR, Parsnip; PUS, Purcells South; QUI, Quintette; RPC, Redrock–Prairie Creek; SCE, Scott East; SSE, South Selkirks; WGS, Wells Gray South; WOL, Wolverine."><span class="hw-responsive-img"></span></a></div>
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<div class="fig-caption">
<span class="fig-label">Fig. 2.</span> <div class="first-child" id="p-12">
Population
growth rates (λ; 1 = stability) before and after treatments were
initiated, with controls matched by a similar time period (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>).
Solid arrows indicate λ > 1. Population values apply to the
beginning of treatment. Black outlines show woodland caribou range
boundaries. (<em>Inset</em>) current (gray) and historic (dashed line)
distribution in the contiguous United States and Canada. ALP, À la
Pêche; CON, Columbia North; COS, Columbia South; FBQ, Frisby Queest;
GRA, Graham; GRH, Groundhog; HAS, Hart South; KSI, Kennedy Siding; KZA,
Klinse-Za; LSM, Little Smoky; PAR, Parsnip; PUS, Purcells South; QUI,
Quintette; RPC, Redrock–Prairie Creek; SCE, Scott East; SSE, South
Selkirks; WGS, Wells Gray South; WOL, Wolverine.</div>
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<div id="p-13">
<br /></div>
<div id="p-13">
An ANCOVA revealed that the effect of treatment (five levels; <a class="xref-table" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#T1" id="xref-table-wrap-1-1">Table 1</a>)
explained 44.2% of the variation in change to λ (Δλ), with positive
effects for wolf reduction and wolf reduction + penning. Percentage
alteration of forest cover explained only 4.2% of the variation in Δλ (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Fig. S1 and Table S2</a>). The ANCOVA with both treatment and forest alteration was less parsimonious and explained less variation (Δ<em>AICc</em> = 4.68, <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> = 0.42; see <a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S3</a>)
than the effect of treatment alone. Six of the treated populations
numbered <50 animals at the start of a treatment, and only one of
these (KZA) achieved positive population growth (λ = 1.14) when
subjected to two treatments simultaneously. Only two of the larger
treated populations (>50 animals) did not achieve an increased λ
following treatments: Parsnip (PAR) and À la Pêche (ALP). Both had low
intensity of management applied (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>).
In PAR, moose were reduced by 40% compared with Columbia North (CON),
where moose were reduced by >80% and λ increased by 0.064–1.02. In
ALP, wolf reduction was applied only to the winter range during the
first eight years of treatment and λ did not increase. The treatment was
then expanded to the entire range for three years and λ increased from
0.92 to 1.10 (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>). The US/Canada transboundary South Selkirks (SSE) population was small (<em>n</em> = 18) when wolf removal was initiated and expanded only to the Canadian portion of the range (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F2" id="xref-fig-2-3">Fig. 2</a>);
the population declined from 18 to 3 barren females as of March 2018.
In summary, caribou λ did not respond in the three herds with low
treatment intensity (SSE, PAR, and ALP), but when ALP transitioned from
low to high intensity, λ increased from 0.92 to 1.10. Finally, the
translocation of 20 animals to Purcells South (PUS) in 2012 did not
improve λ, with only 4 remaining animals in March 2018.</div>
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<div class="table-caption">
<span class="table-label">Table 1.</span> <div class="first-child" id="p-14">
Analysis of covariance explaining change in λ (Δλ) based on treatments for woodland caribou</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section discussion" id="sec-2">
<h2 class="">
Discussion</h2>
<div class="flushleft" id="p-16">
By
focusing on the ultimate recovery metric, caribou population growth, we
demonstrated clear benefits of an adaptive management framework applied
to endangered species over an enormous landscape. Reducing one limiting
factor improved λ, but the greatest increase occurred when two limiting
factors were reduced simultaneously. The implementation of wolf
reductions followed by penning within KZA illustrates the iterative
nature of adaptive management. Given that penning is designed to
increase recruitment and wolf reduction increases adult survival,
implementing both achieved the highest λ. And critically, pairing
populations experiencing treatments with controls that received no
similar recovery actions strengthened our inferences.</div>
<div id="p-17">
Intensity
of treatment, both numerically and spatially, was a key factor in
detecting a population response. In all three instances where treatment
intensity was limited, no caribou response was observed. These results
follow previous studies suggesting that predation rates should not
change linearly with prey density, partially because of
density-dependent processes (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-31" id="xref-ref-31-2">31</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-38" id="xref-ref-38-1">38</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-39" id="xref-ref-39-1">39</a>).
Indeed, caribou in both the PAR moose reduction and the associated Hart
South (HAS) control continued to decline, likely because moose were
reduced by only 40%. Similarly, when wolves were reduced over just a
portion of ALP and SSE, caribou λ did not improve. But when the
treatment was adaptively expanded to the entire range of ALP, λ
increased substantially. Conclusions from these actions are becoming
clear—half measures erode public confidence when the outcome is unlikely
to achieve recovery. Resources should be directed strategically and
toward recovery treatments of sufficient intensity to achieve results.
Finally, as with many translocations (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-40" id="xref-ref-40-1">40</a>), moving 20 caribou to PUS was unsuccessful because most of these animals were shortly killed by predators (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-41" id="xref-ref-41-1">41</a>), driving home Caughley’s primary message of first removing agents of decline before attempting such actions (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-1" id="xref-ref-1-2">1</a>).</div>
<div id="p-18">
The
appeal of adaptive management lies with the simple logic of using
management actions to test a hypothesis and, if possible, to test
alternate hypotheses with contrasting policies (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-4" id="xref-ref-4-3">4</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-6" id="xref-ref-6-2">6</a>). These actions should follow detailed modeling of the system to help minimize risks of unintended consequences (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-3" id="xref-ref-3-2">3</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-31" id="xref-ref-31-3">31</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-42" id="xref-ref-42-1">42</a>)
but also to refute or validate conceptual models of ecosystem dynamics.
For example, previous theory suggested caution when removing subsidized
prey because of demographic time lags of predators and depensatory
predation that can exacerbate declines of rare prey (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-31" id="xref-ref-31-4">31</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-38" id="xref-ref-38-2">38</a>). An empirical example occurred within our system when deer populations crashed in 1997 and cougars (<em>Puma concolor</em>) switched to eating caribou (see ref. <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-31" id="xref-ref-31-5">31</a>).
This information must be adaptively incorporated into recovery plans,
but can create imbalances in study designs and implementation. In our
case, the lack of replication for some treatments—for example,
translocations—may weaken inferences. However, when considered in light
of independent studies indicating that animal translocations often fail (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-40" id="xref-ref-40-2">40</a>), even with caribou (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-43" id="xref-ref-43-1">43</a>),
inferences are consistent. Similarly, the combination of treatments
(penning and wolf reduction in KZA) can make it challenging to
definitively conclude which treatment was strongest. Indeed, balanced
and replicated factorial experiments are a laudable goal, but we agree
with Krebs’ (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-44" id="xref-ref-44-1">44</a>) synthesis of Caughley’s perspective on uncertainty in conservation (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-1" id="xref-ref-1-3">1</a>):
“Several suspected agents of decline may have to be removed at once… It
is better to save the species than to achieve scientific purity.” We
hope this approach will encourage others to pursue a priori planned
designs or retrospective approaches to adaptive management. Nonetheless,
social and logistical barriers to implementation are immense, primarily
due to real or perceived impacts on human values (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-4" id="xref-ref-4-4">4</a>). Consequently, according to Westgate et al. (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-7" id="xref-ref-7-2">7</a>),
only 1% of studies that have attempted adaptive management report any
response metrics. The plight of woodland caribou has likely reduced
these barriers, enabling partnerships across political jurisdictions,
among academics, First Nations, managers, industry, and conservationists
(<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-45" id="xref-ref-45-1">45</a>).</div>
<div id="p-19">
The global spread of generalist species through habitat modification and climate change (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-46" id="xref-ref-46-1">46</a>)
will continue to exacerbate the endangerment and extirpation of species
via complex ecological mechanisms such as apparent competition. In many
cases, recovery will involve the reduction of expanding prey or
abundant native predators. Although six caribou populations grew within
highly disturbed landscapes, intensive management was required to
achieve this outcome. Support for direct predator reduction is likely to
wane (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-35" id="xref-ref-35-2">35</a>)
unless the ultimate cause of decline, habitat alteration, is addressed.
In the case of caribou, like many other endangered species,
anthropogenic alterations of forested ecosystems are the ultimate cause
of declines. Habitat protection for caribou varies considerably across
jurisdictions, but is greatest within the Southern Mountain ecotype,
where 22,000 km<sup>2</sup> of remaining old forest have been protected from forest cutting in legal land reserves (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-47" id="xref-ref-47-1">47</a>).
This protection has resulted in 5 of 18 caribou ranges in this study
having similar or higher levels of forest gain than forest loss (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-36" id="xref-ref-36-2">36</a>) (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>).
In such areas, the degree of intensive population management needed to
recover caribou is expected to diminish over time. However, in areas
where habitat loss exceeds habitat recovery, intensive population
treatments will have to be ongoing until there is a change in how
natural resources are valued.</div>
</div>
<div class="section methods" id="sec-3">
<h2 class="">
Methods</h2>
<div class="flushleft" id="p-20">
Our
study included 18 caribou populations in Alberta, British Columbia, and
Idaho, of which 12 were subjected to government-led management actions
(hereafter referred to as treatments in an adaptive management context)
and 6 were controls. We chose only 6 control populations to be
conservative in matching ecological conditions as closely as possible to
the treatment populations. However, almost all caribou populations in
western Canada were rapidly declining; for example, during the same
period, populations in Alberta were declining at a mean rate of −8% per
year (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-48" id="xref-ref-48-1">48</a>). The 12 treated populations in our study were subjected to four recovery actions; (<em>i</em>) predator reductions, (<em>ii</em>) prey reductions, (<em>iii</em>) translocation, and/or (<em>iv</em>) maternal penning (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F2" id="xref-fig-2-4">Fig. 2</a>).</div>
<div id="p-21">
Although
controversial in many conservation settings, there is a long history of
predator (and prey) reduction to recover endangered species (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-34" id="xref-ref-34-2">34</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-49" id="xref-ref-49-1">49</a>), from removing feral goats (<em>Capra</em> spp.), to recover endangered island fauna (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-50" id="xref-ref-50-1">50</a>), to removal of golden eagles on the Channel Islands, to recover the endangered Channel Island fox (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-25" id="xref-ref-25-2">25</a>).
Population reduction of wolves, however, is especially controversial
given their heightened conservation status in the United States, and
important trophic role (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-51" id="xref-ref-51-1">51</a>).
Nonetheless, wolves are nowhere near endangered or threatened in Canada
and are widely distributed there, and conservative population estimates
are >14,000 wolves in just Alberta and British Columbia (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-52" id="xref-ref-52-1">52</a>). Field studies confirm that wolves are a leading cause of mortality and are the proximate cause of caribou declines (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-14" id="xref-ref-14-3">14</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-22" id="xref-ref-22-2">22</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-32" id="xref-ref-32-2">32</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-53" id="xref-ref-53-1">53</a><a class="xref-down-link" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-54" id="xref-ref-54-1"><span>⇓</span></a><a class="xref-down-link" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-55" id="xref-ref-55-1"><span>⇓</span></a>–<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-56" id="xref-ref-56-1">56</a>).
Moreover, federal and provincial policies and legislation explicitly
list predator and prey reduction as a required recovery action, along
with habitat recovery, to recover endangered woodland caribou under
Canada’s Species at Risk Act (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-37" id="xref-ref-37-2">37</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-57" id="xref-ref-57-1">57</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-58" id="xref-ref-58-1">58</a>).
Finally, predator removal was coordinated by provincial agencies
usually via helicopter shooting [similar to the removal of feral goats
on Galapagos, for example (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-50" id="xref-ref-50-2">50</a>)] under the authority of the respective provincial wildlife Acts (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-59" id="xref-ref-59-1">59</a>).
Prey reductions were conducted through licensed hunting of moose by
sport hunters, also through the authority of provincial wildlife acts
and policies. Thus, despite the ethical issues surrounding removal of
vertebrates (wolves, moose) to recover caribou (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-60" id="xref-ref-60-1">60</a>),
methods were permitted and enabled by federal and provincial
legislation and policies. No university personnel were involved in
planning or conducting predator reductions, thus obviating the need for
university animal care review or approvals (see ref. <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-60" id="xref-ref-60-2">60</a>).
Similarly, caribou translocations in British Columbia were conducted
exclusively by government staff supervised by the provincial wildlife
veterinarian.</div>
<div id="p-22">
Caribou populations were monitored for
responses to treatments between 2004 and 2018, whereas pretreatment
monitoring dated back to 1994 (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>).
The 18 populations spanned four recognized caribou ecotypes: boreal,
northern mountain, central mountain, and southern mountain (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-61" id="xref-ref-61-1">61</a>). Boreal are classified by COSEWIC [Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-62" id="xref-ref-62-1">62</a>)] as threatened (<em>n</em> = 1 population); northern (<em>n</em> = 2), as of special concern; central (<em>n</em> = 6) and southern (<em>n</em> = 9), as endangered (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-61" id="xref-ref-61-2">61</a>). Despite variation in their listed status, the bulk of our populations were endangered; thus, we use the term <em>endangered</em> to refer to the status of caribou throughout. Our response metric was the finite rate of population change (λ) (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-63" id="xref-ref-63-1">63</a>)
or, more specifically, the change in λ (Δλ) before and after
treatments. There are two approaches to estimating λ of caribou
populations depending on behavioral and habitat differences among
ecotypes. The first approach is to estimate population growth rate using
aerial surveys in areas where aerial sightability is high (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-64" id="xref-ref-64-1">64</a>). In these cases, λ was calculated as λ<sub>aerial</sub> = (<em>N</em><sub><em>t</em></sub>/<em>N</em><sub>0</sub>)<sup>(1/<em>t</em>)</sup> (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-63" id="xref-ref-63-2">63</a>).
The second uses survival of radio-collared animals and population-level
recruitment rates to estimate λ using a simple unstructured population
model, the recruitment-mortality equation (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-65" id="xref-ref-65-1">65</a>): λ<sub><em>RM</em></sub> = <em>S</em>/(1 − <em>R</em>), where <em>S</em> is annual survival of adult females and <em>R</em> is recruitment.</div>
<div id="p-23">
For populations in British Columbia (<em>n</em>
= 15), there are three ecotypes of woodland caribou (central, southern,
and northern), and aerial survey methods differ slightly due to
ecological differences. For the southern mountain ecotype (<em>n</em> = 9), survey estimates have been validated with 153 radio-collared animals. When snow depth exceeds 300 cm (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-3" id="xref-ref-3-3">3</a>)
in the upper subalpine, where the caribou dwell during late winter
surveys, sightability is greater than 90%. Surveys were conducted only
under such conditions, making population estimation straightforward. For
the other six populations in British Columbia (central and northern
ecotypes), mark-resight (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-54" id="xref-ref-54-2">54</a>)
with radio-marked caribou was used to correct population sizes, or all
individuals were marked or identified through camera traps (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-66" id="xref-ref-66-1">66</a>). Populations in Alberta (<em>n</em>
= 3) are difficult to aerially survey because caribou live in dense
coniferous forest, so population trend and associated uncertainty were
estimated based on λ<sub><em>RM</em></sub> (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-48" id="xref-ref-48-2">48</a>), using the adjustment of ref. <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-67" id="xref-ref-67-1">67</a> to account for the delayed age at first reproduction of caribou. DeCesare et al. (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-67" id="xref-ref-67-2">67</a>) showed that the λ<sub><em>RM</em></sub> equation is algebraically identical to a Leftokvich stage matrix with three stages and thus provides identical results, but λ<sub><em>RM</em></sub>
is the convention used for monitoring woodland caribou. Although
population estimates were not available in Alberta, minimum caribou
observed indicated that all three populations had >50 animals at the
start of treatments (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-57" id="xref-ref-57-2">57</a>). Calibration and validation of the two approaches to estimating λ have been extensive (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-64" id="xref-ref-64-2">64</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-67" id="xref-ref-67-3">67</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-68" id="xref-ref-68-1">68</a>). Serrouya et al. (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-64" id="xref-ref-64-3">64</a>) compared λ for populations where both data sources (λ<sub>aerial</sub> and λ<sub><em>RM</em></sub>)
were available, and found the correlation to be 0.78. This suggests
that both metrics were comparable and that any biases within a
population would be minimal over time because the same method (λ<sub>aerial</sub> or λ<em><sub>RM</sub></em>)
was always used for each population. Additional details on the
reliability of λ estimates presented in previously published studies can
be found in the <a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em></a>.</div>
<div id="p-24">
Like many ecosystem management cases (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-32" id="xref-ref-32-3">32</a>),
the intensity of treatments varied across areas. For example, neither
prey nor predator reductions were ever 100%. In the SSE population, wolf
removal occurred only on the Canadian portion of the range (<a class="xref-fig" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#F2" id="xref-fig-2-5">Fig. 2</a>).
For the ALP population, treatment occurred on the winter range from
2007 to 2014 and then expanded to the winter and summer range from 2015
to 2017 (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>). To index the intensity of treatment, we reported the number of wolves per 1,000 km<sup>2</sup>
removed per year; for moose, we reported the percentage reduction from
the peak population size. The CON population also had a maternal penning
trial that began in 2014, although this was a pilot study that was
designed not to affect λ but to test the concept on a low number of
animals (<20% of females). To isolate the effect of the moose
reduction treatment, and to avoid a confound caused by maternal penning
for caribou, comparisons in the Revelstoke (REV) study area (<a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental"><em>SI Appendix</em>, Table S1</a>)
were ended in 2013 for the treated populations—CON, Columbia South
(COS), Frisby-Queest (FBQ)—and the adjacent control populations (WGS and
GRH). Isolating the effect of the moose reduction was important because
this recovery tool had not been used before (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-30" id="xref-ref-30-2">30</a>)
in the context of apparent competition (unlike wolf reductions, which
have been applied more frequently in this and other studies). Similarly,
localized winter feeding of caribou occurred in the Kennedy Siding
(KSI) population from 2014 to 2018, but was not formally considered a
treatment. Results indicated no effect on λ, but some improvement to
body condition was noted (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-66" id="xref-ref-66-2">66</a>).</div>
<div id="p-25">
It was not just treatments that varied between populations, as the ultimate cause of population declines is habitat alteration (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-37" id="xref-ref-37-3">37</a>, <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-58" id="xref-ref-58-2">58</a>). We used an index of habitat alteration from remotely sensed forest loss data derived from Landsat (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-36" id="xref-ref-36-3">36</a>)
to control for the ultimate driver of caribou population trends:
habitat alteration. The covariate was the proportion disturbed (early
seral forest caused primarily by logging or petroleum development; ref. <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-36" id="xref-ref-36-4">36</a>)
within a population range, which was converted using the logit link.
The proportion of early seral forest was included to test the hypothesis
that less altered areas were more likely to have increased λ as a
result of a treatment. Previous analyses showed that more early seral
forests predicted lower caribou recruitment, as revealed in a national
meta-analysis spanning 35 populations in the federal recovery strategy (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-37" id="xref-ref-37-4">37</a>)
and supported by theory and empirical studies across Canada. To
contextualize the length of time that population treatments would be
required, habitat alteration was also stratified by forest loss and
forest gain based on the definition of ref. <a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-36" id="xref-ref-36-5">36</a>.</div>
<div id="p-26">
We
conducted an ANCOVA to test our hypotheses by explaining Δλ as a result
of recovery treatments and the proportion disturbed in each caribou
range, with nontreatment (control) populations set as the intercept. For
statistical analyses, λ was converted to the instantaneous rate of
increase (<em>r</em>), λ = <em>e</em><sup><em>r</em></sup> (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-63" id="xref-ref-63-3">63</a>), because <em>r</em> is centered on 0 and normally distributed. The dependent variable was the log response ratio, Δ<em>r</em>, defined as ln (λ<sub>after</sub>) − ln (λ<sub>before</sub>)—that
is, the difference in population growth rates before vs. after
treatments. Population size and treatment intensity were estimated
quantitatively as described earlier, but were treated as qualitative
factors for three reasons: (<em>i</em>) limited degrees of freedom are inherent in large-scale studies, (<em>ii</em>) population size was not available for the three herds in Alberta, and (<em>iii</em>)
we did not have a common currency among treatment types to quantify
intensity. All statistics were performed in R using the base lm package (<a class="xref-bibr" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#ref-69" id="xref-ref-69-1">69</a>).</div>
</div>
<div class="section ack" id="ack-1">
<h2>
Acknowledgments</h2>
<div id="p-27">
C.
Gray, M. Dickie, and K. Benesh helped with data extraction and GIS
analyses; and L. DeGroot conducted the SSE surveys. The West Moberly and
Saulteau First Nations were instrumental in implementing treatments for
KZA. Funding was provided by the Alberta and British Columbia
provincial governments, Idaho Fish and Game, and Parks Canada for the
caribou surveys we conducted. M.H. acknowledges funding from NASA
through the Arctic Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) (Grant
NNX15AW71A).</div>
</div>
<div class="section fn-group" id="fn-group-1">
<h2>
Footnotes</h2>
<ul class="pnas-footnotes">
<li class="corresp" id="corresp-1"><a class="rev-xref" href="https://www.pnas.org/content/116/13/6181#xref-corresp-1-1">↵</a><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr"><a href="mailto:serrouya@ualberta.ca">serrouya@ualberta.ca</a></span></span>.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li class="fn-other" id="fn-2"><div id="p-2">
Author
contributions: R. Serrouya, D.R.S., B.N.M., D.C.H., M.G., and S.B.
designed research; R. Serrouya, D.R.S., D.H., B.N.M., R.S.M., and D.C.H.
performed research; R. Serrouya and M.H. analyzed data; and R.
Serrouya, D.R.S., D.H., B.N.M., R.S.M., R. Steenweg, D.C.H., M.H., M.G.,
and S.B. wrote the paper.</div>
</li>
<li class="fn-conflict" id="fn-4"><div id="p-28">
The authors declare no conflict of interest.</div>
</li>
<li class="fn-other" id="fn-5"><div id="p-29">
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.</div>
</li>
<li class="fn-supplementary-material" id="fn-6"><div id="p-30">
This article contains supporting information online at <a class="in-nw" href="https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental">www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1816923116/-/DCSupplemental</a>.</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<ul class="copyright-statement">
<li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</li>
</ul>
<div class="license" id="license-1">
<div id="p-3">
This open access article is distributed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND)</a>.</div>
</div>
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Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-15671325859821471992019-02-18T20:07:00.004-08:002019-02-18T20:07:59.808-08:00Elk Cottage Pie<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvJZYYqSQK0ZZ1Qmlm-7EM-ND78z9PUqdv8th4XM6fji9XvctsoVV_Izyhf_vTF2srDeS9_NhVD1hR200FFlEu9XnxogzJIyXlZQnX11X65kf0BaMxVuOUzhh-uwCMIPwh4GQ9QT8qHqCu/s1600/IMG_9377.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvJZYYqSQK0ZZ1Qmlm-7EM-ND78z9PUqdv8th4XM6fji9XvctsoVV_Izyhf_vTF2srDeS9_NhVD1hR200FFlEu9XnxogzJIyXlZQnX11X65kf0BaMxVuOUzhh-uwCMIPwh4GQ9QT8qHqCu/s640/IMG_9377.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
Cottage Pie, also known as Shepherd's Pie (technically requires lamb) or Pâté Chinois if you add corn. This recipe can be done with any red meat. I have done it with venison and moose, but this one was done with elk. Also, the photos shown are for a double recipe. I freeze whatever I don't eat and it keeps for a shockingly long time in the freezer.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Ingredients</h3>
2 lbs ground Elk (Or other red meat)<br />
4 Tbsp. Olive oil <br />
1 large onion <br />
4 cloves of garlic<br />
1 cup of frozen peas and carrots <br />
1 Tbsp. finely chopped or dry rosemary<br />
1 Tbsp. finely chopped or dry thyme<br />
2 Tbsp. tomato paste<br />
4 Tbsp. Worcestershire sauce (at least lol!)<br />
1 cup stock (I used moose stock, but beef or any red meat game stock will do)<br />
1/4 cup all purpose flour <br />
Salt to taste<br />
Pepper to taste<br />
2 kg of russet potato <br />
125 g salted butter<br />
1/2 cup of half & half cream<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUkn9G_ZVl6CorkNFHzpqE_1IfFMtkj3ch6vwFdCg05SiYrOS30kg0INW6zimbuWyf5Ak6BZTSs8Co-kL46C-TytimCCPRR25gtHufQmqZ7rvF3X5WRGIN_tMNX2ZOrehBXyYg9-S3umZ/s1600/IMG_9350.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUkn9G_ZVl6CorkNFHzpqE_1IfFMtkj3ch6vwFdCg05SiYrOS30kg0INW6zimbuWyf5Ak6BZTSs8Co-kL46C-TytimCCPRR25gtHufQmqZ7rvF3X5WRGIN_tMNX2ZOrehBXyYg9-S3umZ/s640/IMG_9350.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<h3>
Method</h3>
<br />
1) Peel the potatoes and get them on the stove right at the start in salted water that's twice as deep as the potatoes. Boil until tender to mash.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7NHhswhfDZtYnq96FeCd5GE1hwNUZ4QW7jde5ZU-EgJP-TSfI_XNanEQKKbwmvpHmgxA8eDIVMawnpi-gW7HTssapF_mtgEbUJ_S-yW4FemLhyt1y7Kyfp8xikImGrMoeqGeh6lxxn_do/s1600/IMG_9342%2528Edited%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7NHhswhfDZtYnq96FeCd5GE1hwNUZ4QW7jde5ZU-EgJP-TSfI_XNanEQKKbwmvpHmgxA8eDIVMawnpi-gW7HTssapF_mtgEbUJ_S-yW4FemLhyt1y7Kyfp8xikImGrMoeqGeh6lxxn_do/s320/IMG_9342%2528Edited%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
2) Finely dice onion and garlic. If using fresh rosemary or thyme, finely chop those as well.<br />
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3) On medium-might head, heat olive oil in a pan and sauté the onion, garlic, rosemary, and thyme until the onion is translucent and starting to brown.<br />
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4) Add the meat! Break it apart with a spatula or spoon and cook until brown.<br />
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5) Reduce heat to medium and stir in the tomato paste, stock, and Worcestershire sauce. <br />
6) Taste it!!!!<br />
7) Add a little salt and pepper, maybe some more Worcestershire sauce and stir some more.<br />
8) Repeat steps 6 and 7 until it is fucking amazing, but be careful not to over season it. You can always add more salt, pepper, or Worcestershire sauce, but you can't take it out.<br />
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9) Sprinkle flour over the sauce and stir it in to thicken it. <br />
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10) TASTE IT!!!! Add more seasoning if required.<br />
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11) Preheat the over to 350 degrees Fahrenheit<br />
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12) Strain potatoes and return them to the pot.<br />
13) Lightly mash potatoes with butter and half & half<br />
14) Taste!<br />
15) Add a little salt to the mashed potatoes and stir.<br />
16) Repeat steps 14 and 15 until your mash tastes perfect!<br />
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17) Decide how many portions to make and arrange casseroles, one large is probably fine. <br />
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18) Add in meat mixture.<br />
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19) Add frozen peas and carrots, and mix in. </div>
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20) Add a thick layer of mashed potatoes and make a nice pattern with a fork or other utensil.<br />
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21) Bake uncovered for 30 minutes on the top shelf in the oven.<br />
22) Pass the time reading a wild game cookbook. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEe0JC3dNUZ5QIlB74waK2XZp8kdw37uSYd-QOzVvjyDPmcRiqBa6zpiLLTSi8Awkn__hKmwcBcp0VoTFCs8vpfuuZryoJHeH7_2uw1e65suEYU3-CLv9YrvqftsWcEXWTilZKyMuNqYW1/s1600/IMG_9369%2528Edited%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEe0JC3dNUZ5QIlB74waK2XZp8kdw37uSYd-QOzVvjyDPmcRiqBa6zpiLLTSi8Awkn__hKmwcBcp0VoTFCs8vpfuuZryoJHeH7_2uw1e65suEYU3-CLv9YrvqftsWcEXWTilZKyMuNqYW1/s320/IMG_9369%2528Edited%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The L.L. Bean Game & Fish Cookbook by Angus Cameron and Judith Jones is a classic!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
23) Now, this is where you can burn and ruin this dish if you look away for even a moment. Use the oven broiler to brown the top. Like seriously, if you walk away from the oven for more than 30 seconds your are going to go from no colour to cremated. Don't say I didn't warn you. If you are not comfortable with a broiler, skip this step. It's easy to set off the fire alarm or burn down your house with the broiler. LOL!<br />
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24) Serve and enjoy! <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvJZYYqSQK0ZZ1Qmlm-7EM-ND78z9PUqdv8th4XM6fji9XvctsoVV_Izyhf_vTF2srDeS9_NhVD1hR200FFlEu9XnxogzJIyXlZQnX11X65kf0BaMxVuOUzhh-uwCMIPwh4GQ9QT8qHqCu/s1600/IMG_9377.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvJZYYqSQK0ZZ1Qmlm-7EM-ND78z9PUqdv8th4XM6fji9XvctsoVV_Izyhf_vTF2srDeS9_NhVD1hR200FFlEu9XnxogzJIyXlZQnX11X65kf0BaMxVuOUzhh-uwCMIPwh4GQ9QT8qHqCu/s320/IMG_9377.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is the second piece! Haha! The first is always a disaster, and no, it didn't land on the plate this neatly! I used the classic Gordon Ramsay technique of wiping the plate before this photo. Also, Instagram filters make everything look more delicious!</td></tr>
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<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-7122804516065191112019-02-06T12:24:00.000-08:002019-02-06T12:24:45.360-08:00Letter to the Premier and Response<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Alexander Johnson<span></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">XXX XXX Street<span></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">New Westminster, BC<span></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">XXX XXX<span></span></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">(XXX) XXX-XXXX<span></span></span></div>
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<span class="m_-2843385169527245499gmail-MsoHyperlink" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="mailto:XXXXXXXXXX@gmail.com" style="color: #0563c1; text-decoration: underline;" target="_blank">XXXXXXXXXXXXX@gmail.com</a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Dear Premier
Horgan,<span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">RE: Great First Steps on Habitat
and Wildlife in BC<span></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<b><u><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span><span style="text-decoration: none;"><br /></span></span></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">In the last
year the provincial government has made some fantastic steps in the right
direction when it comes to habitat and wildlife.<span> </span>I want to say thank you and say that I hope
your government will keep up the momentum on issues related to habitat and wildlife
issues in BC.<span> </span>We still lag behind many
of our neighbours in funding and concrete plans for the recovery of the
habitat, rivers, and streams that our wildlife and fish need to thrive.<span> </span><span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Specifically,
I would like to thank you for the $14 million in increased funding for
conservation, the $27 million allocated for caribou recovery, and the
provincial round table which is looking at the declines in moose
populations.<span> </span><span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Now is time
to build on those steps and make even more significant improvements which will
protect habitat and restore wildlife populations.<span> </span>Specifically, I would like to advocate for
the following:<span></span></span></div>
<div class="m_-2843385169527245499gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span>1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Ending the professional reliance
model</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> where
resource companies can hire their own experts to evaluate the impact of their
own projects.<span> </span>This is an obvious
conflict of interest.<span> </span>Provincial
registered profession biologists should be given the power to oversee and
minimize the impact of the resource sector on habitat. <span></span></span></div>
<div class="m_-2843385169527245499gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span>2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Dedicated funding for habitat
conservation</span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> from a
slight increase in price of fishing and hunting licences as well as resource
extraction royalties to offset impacts and enhance habitat.<span> </span>Please give the scientists and wildlife
managers the funding needed to ensure habitat and wildlife populations recover
and thrive.<span></span></span></div>
<div class="m_-2843385169527245499gmail-MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span>3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Enhanced investigative and
enforcement powers </span></b><span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">for
conservation officers and registered professional biologists to investigate
instances when property owners or resource industry activities violate laws or
practice standards.<span> </span>There are numerous
cases of property owners violating protective covenants in the Fraser valley,
damaging critical chinook salmon bearing creeks, while municipalities have
looked the other way. <span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">As a hunter, angler, conservationist, and British Columbian these
issues are of critical importance to me as well as my friends and family.<span> </span><span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Sincerely,<span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri",sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Alex Johnson </span><br />
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<span class="hb">to <b><span class="g2 ac2" data-hovercard-id="ENV.Minister@gov.bc.ca" dir="ltr" name="ENV">ENV</span></b>, <span class="g2" data-hovercard-id="alexpdhjohnson@gmail.com" data-hovercard-owner-id="24" dir="ltr" name="me">me</span> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Dear Mr. Johnson:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thank
you for writing about conversation in British Columbia. We appreciate
your taking the time to write and have noted your recommendations.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">On
your behalf, we have shared a copy of your message with the Honourable
George Heyman, Minister of Environment and Climate Change Strategy.
His staff will ensure that your comments are included in any upcoming,
related discussions.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Thank you, again, for writing. We wish you all the best.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">pc: Honourable George Heyman</span><br />
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<span class="qu" role="gridcell" tabindex="-1"><span class="gD" data-hovercard-id="Premier@gov.bc.ca" data-hovercard-owner-id="24" name="OfficeofthePremier, Office PREM:EX">OfficeofthePremier, Office PREM:EX</span> </span></h3>
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<span></span><span alt="6 Feb 2019, 10:40" class="g3" id=":2lr" role="gridcell" tabindex="-1" title="6 Feb 2019, 10:40"> </span></div>
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<span alt="6 Feb 2019, 10:40" class="g3" id=":2lr" role="gridcell" tabindex="-1" title="6 Feb 2019, 10:40">10:40 (1 hour ago)</span></div>
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Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-31644324596072968032019-01-01T19:20:00.000-08:002019-01-01T19:21:41.363-08:00Venison Osso BucoThe first time I heard of osso buco was while watching MeatEater on Netflix. It seems like no matter if I am watching the show or listening to his podcast, Steven Rinella never misses an opportunity to rave about the deliciousness of this particular dish. So, I decided that with this year's white tailed deer I would have the butcher cut the shanks into 2" thick pucks so that I could try out this highly praised preparation of shank.<br />
<br />
All I can say is that it did not disappoint!<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgrzCRl1azNmPdUfyr2115XlI0aGUzQDVgr3POR8hndbM7ND4z6M7Sxyx1LY96kOEQac4u42Dutj1a__c-AGS7Qq2jgY7MClJAFsiM33lEqvSKsoo_ydGCWhs69G0d3oNi-DDHGzRw3T3/s1600/IMG_9194.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgrzCRl1azNmPdUfyr2115XlI0aGUzQDVgr3POR8hndbM7ND4z6M7Sxyx1LY96kOEQac4u42Dutj1a__c-AGS7Qq2jgY7MClJAFsiM33lEqvSKsoo_ydGCWhs69G0d3oNi-DDHGzRw3T3/s640/IMG_9194.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h3>
Recipe</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
I used a combination of a few recipes, including the recipe in "The Complete Guide to Hunting, Butchering, and Cooking Wild Game" by Steven Rinella as well as the recipe book that came with the Instant Pot, and some others online.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Ingredients</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
6 pieces of osso buco cut shank<br />
2 carrots<br />
2 stalks of celery<br />
2 onions<br />
5 cloves of garlic<br />
1 bunch of parsley<br />
2 sprigs of sage<br />
4 sprigs of rosmary<br />
1 tbsp of dried thyme ( I didn't have any fresh, but that would work better)<br />
2 tbsp of tomato paste<br />
1 litre of stock<br />
1/2 bottle of dry red wine<br />
salt<br />
pepper<br />
flour <br />
olive oil<br />
parmigiano reggiano to garnish<br />
polenta<br />
<br />
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Clean, wash, and peel the veggies and herbs<br />
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Remove the stalks and ends<br />
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<br />
Finely dice the half of the parsley and the rosemary, as well as all of the sage, garlic, and onions<br />
Cut the carrots and celery into even size chunks<br />
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Put about a half cup of flour in a dish and season with salt and pepper<br />
Heat olive oil in a pan until just about to smoke<br />
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Dredge shanks in seasoned flour and brown all sides in pan<br />
Add a sprig of rosemary to make oil fragrant<br />
Put browned shanks in dutch oven or Instant Pot<br />
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Saute onion, carrots, and celery in the pan<br />
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Add garlic once onions are translucent<br />
Saute for another 2 minutes<br />
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Add vegetables to dutch oven or Instant Pot<br />
Deglaze pan with half a bottle of red win<br />
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Pour wine into dutch oven or instant pot<br />
Add tomato paste <br />
Add stock until covered<br />
Add chopped herbs <br />
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Slow cook in Instant Pot for 4 hours like I did or in a dutch oven with a light simmer, either on the stove top or oven<br />
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After the 4 hours on "Slow Cook" it wasn't fork tender yet, so I decided to pressure cook it for an additional 15 minutes until it was falling off the bone tender<br />
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Serve on a bed of polenta and garnish with parmigiano reggiano<br />
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Enjoy!<br />
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<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-35251691159947847862018-12-22T18:34:00.002-08:002018-12-22T20:01:11.649-08:002018 Elk<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
Background</h3>
Ever since my first hunting trip in 2014 I have been dreaming of going on an elk hunt. My father in law seeded that dream with how highly he speaks of elk meat.<br />
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For the last two years, an "over the counter" elk trip has been the backup plan if our group didn’t manage to get a tag in either the limited entry moose or elk lottery draw. In BC there are two areas where elk are so plentiful that no lottery is required, so you can just get a tag "over the counter". Those areas are the Peace River district and the Kootenays.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Primos Hoochie Mama Cow Elk Call
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Two years ago I bought a set of Primos elk calls, and taught myself how to call using YouTube and the DVD that came with the calls. My wife immediately disliked the sound of me practicing chirps and bugles, so it quickly became a task reserved for commuting to and from work. Yes, I was that guy who was sitting in traffic at red lights practicing with a mouth reed. I kept the calls in my truck so that I could get in some practice whenever I was alone. <br />
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<h3>
Planning </h3>
When the draw results were released in early summer, I was secretly quite excited when none of our group were successful in getting a moose or elk tag. This would be the year! I would finally get to go elk hunting.<br />
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Throughout the summer I continued to practice calling while we started to formulate a plan for the trip. Both the Peace and the Kootenays have their own pros and cons, and for both my father in law and me either area would be completely new. We both turned to the internet and google maps to research both areas and help us decide. For the Peace, it's really far away, there is tons of oil and gas plant activity, and it seemed like unless you are on private land, there are few open spaces down low and not much access to the mountainous area. We read a lot of horror stories of the muskeg and bugs, but on the other hand, some of the published data shows a marginally better chance of success in the Peace than the Kootenays. For the Kootenays on the other hand, while they may be closer, from what we read online they sound like they are crawling with hunters during the elk open season and it seemed like there was too much road access and too few places where you could get away from road hunters. <br />
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As it turned out, none of the rest of our group decided to come with us, so this trip would just be the two of us. We eventually settled on the Peace and after a call to a conservation officer who used to be responsible for the area, we got some suggestions about where to find animals, but not specifically elk. <br />
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The details of the plan took a while to take shape because we didn't know what to expect in the Peace. We discussed glassing, being mobile, taking a motorbike, ATV, car-top boat, inflatable boat, the trailer, tents, and so on. We had a strong feeling that we may need to set up and break down camp a few times while trying to find elk sign. The trail bike was appealing for the ease deploying from the truck and quickly scouting trails and roads, but my lack of experience on motorbikes and the fact that we may have needed to haul something out of the woods a ways made the ATV win out. We carefully weighed all the gear and equipment options. <br />
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Whether it is a truck and trailer, or your backpack, it is always a balance between being well prepared and bringing too much gear. I hate the feeling of wishing I had something which got left at home to save on weight and space, but it is also equally frustrating to carry a bunch of gear you never end up using. I think the prospect of having to set up camp multiple times may have dissuaded some of the people from our group from joining us on the trip, but never the less, we didn’t want to commit to an area until we knew there was sign. <br />
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In some of the management units around where we were headed sheep, goats, caribou and complicated moose were open as well. I ended up getting all of those tags just in case we stumbled across one of them. However, from everything that I have read and heard, it is important not to get distracted from your target species. We discussed that until we had either a elk or moose hanging, we wouldn’t go for one of the side hunt species. This was primarily an elk trip with the secondary goal of a moose. With the trip being the last two weeks of September, we were concerned that the daytime temperatures could risk meat spoilage and we didn’t want to have to cut an elk trip short because we were worried about losing the meat from one of the non-target species. <br />
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<h3>
Preparation</h3>
As the summer went by, I collected my gear and checked it all out. It was in good condition, but there were a few pressing tasks. The first task was getting my rifle ready. I always follow the same routine before hunting season. It works well for me. During the summer I try to go to the range and practice as much as possible. This summer I managed only two trips to the range for practice, but I made those count. Each trip I sent around 100 rounds down range over the course of a day, allowing my rifle time to cool between groups.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Best ever group at 300m</td></tr>
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Between each range trip I thoroughly clean my rifle using bench-rest copper solvent and Hoppe’s No. 9. After each cleaning, the next 4 shots have a radically different point of impact. Therefore, I go to the range one final time before the season starts to put a few fouling shots down range and then check my zeros and DOPEs (military term for Data On Previous Engagements). Once I know exactly where my bullet will land at 100m and how much to dial up for 200m and 300m then I am set for the season. After that I don’t clean my rifle or fire it again unless it is aimed at my quarry, the only exception being using a bore snake if I suspect debris has ended up in my barrel.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prepping venison "Shepherd's Pie" to freeze for the trip</td></tr>
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I spent the remainder of the summer and the early part of September packing, preparing meals, waxing my boots, and deciding what was going to make the cut to come with me on the trip. It is so easy to have gear inflation. I have decided to limit myself to one rubbermaid tote of gear, one of clothing and the pack that I am going to be wearing, my sleeping bag and a duffel bag of other clothes. It still feels like too much gear, and it probably is, but there is enough space in the trailer to accommodate it. I also decided to bring my meat packing backpack in case we had to quarter and hike out an animal as well as the new addition to my kit this year, a spotting scope. I ended up getting the Vortex Viper 15-45 because of both its affordable price tag and compact size and weight (more on that in a separate post).<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All packed and ready to go.</td></tr>
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<br />
<h3>
The Trip </h3>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bright and early, just about to depart.</td></tr>
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At 5:30am on the 16th of September after loading the last of our gear we began the drive North. We talked hunting strategy and made plans on the way up. We made it to Chetwynd that night and stopped at the Chinese restaurant for dinner. After dinner, we started looking for a motel with parking for the truck and trailer. That proved to be much more difficult than expected since so many oil and gas workers were in town. We ended up finding vacancy at the third hotel we tried.<br />
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The next day we got up early and headed to Fort St. John to get groceries, booze, water, and fuel. Once those chores were out of the way we headed north to the first of a few options we hoped might be a good spot to camp.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17oBLa-ro87qeAAEbSgwO3bLh7AN3LSQrAzhuDBsEpgHpliRS9sPjinvA5JpEQZ2ohhaqiYmZo8WgA1F8hzoXTyWlIMVoAphQ1mK1s1U4DcCFPMhJO9RgUqLGyOxx6pOXSOKFllYuebw_/s1600/IMG_8496.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj17oBLa-ro87qeAAEbSgwO3bLh7AN3LSQrAzhuDBsEpgHpliRS9sPjinvA5JpEQZ2ohhaqiYmZo8WgA1F8hzoXTyWlIMVoAphQ1mK1s1U4DcCFPMhJO9RgUqLGyOxx6pOXSOKFllYuebw_/s640/IMG_8496.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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Once we arrived at the first spot, there were a couple of other camps set up in the area, but after a quick discussion we decided to give this place a whirl. We set up camp quickly and decided to go out for an evening hunt. <br />
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As a new hunter, it is usually my first time in any area that I am hunting. My plan is always the same when I go somewhere that I have never been before. I usually spend at least the first few days scouting, just trying to find good areas, sign, crossings, whatever. Depending on the extent of the area, I might finish up scouting after a day, or it could be 3 days. I try to cover as much ground as possible, either on foot, vehicle, or by glassing. Once I have a good feeling for the area then I make a plan and choose what I think is the best spot and hit it hard until I am either successful or give up after several unsuccessful days.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9uOQIRrjf5QDtsl9EvYMoJ7Yq_LFj2tmFIEJOv0WQTh8wZvyiOUno8aDwDl-4zVvUp8idqROcD1p-vmsHuob5VOxcD7q88_Q_fkQ98ZZcxf07cw5xJcY23Em8UPosKeNyCCNtJcOEgAmD/s1600/IMG_8489.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9uOQIRrjf5QDtsl9EvYMoJ7Yq_LFj2tmFIEJOv0WQTh8wZvyiOUno8aDwDl-4zVvUp8idqROcD1p-vmsHuob5VOxcD7q88_Q_fkQ98ZZcxf07cw5xJcY23Em8UPosKeNyCCNtJcOEgAmD/s640/IMG_8489.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The calf moose on the left. The mother is just in the trees.</td></tr>
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On that first evening hunt, I mostly just burned around on the ATV, looking for crossings and sign, trying to get a feel for the area. That evening I managed to see a cow and calf moose, which was pretty cool. It was good to know that they were in the area. I managed to get a few shots of the calf through my binos. For the rest of the evening I just tried to see what there was to see. There were lots of grouse and there was tons of bear shit. Eventually I had to give up because it was getting too dark, so headed back to camp.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGA4liqRT6fPKSp1CFEa7PkW0acE5VGBdAriMh5YVIxnfcS7gZqiyXTRc3FYJrhq6-61lzph3ABAi06In0vFIM5Pp_8ZtUvIetpAPULQngPq3zv9lM16RWEb2pEDUJTP0SeagbyOvhpbLw/s1600/IMG_8488.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGA4liqRT6fPKSp1CFEa7PkW0acE5VGBdAriMh5YVIxnfcS7gZqiyXTRc3FYJrhq6-61lzph3ABAi06In0vFIM5Pp_8ZtUvIetpAPULQngPq3zv9lM16RWEb2pEDUJTP0SeagbyOvhpbLw/s640/IMG_8488.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sunrise on the first full day.</td></tr>
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Over the next two days I covered an incredible distance and walked up and down many trails trying to find elk sign. There was plenty of moose sign and lots of bear sign, but apart from some old dried tracks, the elk remained elusive. At one point I was hiking down a trail which followed the bottom of a logging slash and saw some movement further up the hill. Through my binos I noticed it was my father in law, so I turned and started to creep my way out. As I walked back towards the trail head, I stepped into what I thought was a little puddle, only to sink in up to my thighs in deep, ugly clay mud which came to be known as gumbo. With a little effort I managed to crawl out. The gumbo was so sticky that even after walking in and out of another trail I felt as though my legs were encased in concrete. Back at camp I stripped down next to the water and spent a few hours washing my gear and boots in the lake. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLZ_J93zWm73prkyNHoeG-RoIqtXbd6wObvvbPRdyY5pdUDrSo7LiPT2YyfGE0jnkz5aO52S_Oi_6LnZVLyBeDaye5T_0NPaX_KNUXqR7xAHtCpfknvGJvWzu2hnF8XygJgaDd0nFTulN9/s1600/IMG_8643%2528Edited%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLZ_J93zWm73prkyNHoeG-RoIqtXbd6wObvvbPRdyY5pdUDrSo7LiPT2YyfGE0jnkz5aO52S_Oi_6LnZVLyBeDaye5T_0NPaX_KNUXqR7xAHtCpfknvGJvWzu2hnF8XygJgaDd0nFTulN9/s640/IMG_8643%2528Edited%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The oven in the trailer stopped working so we cooked over the fire that night. Overall, we were well prepared as always and when the water lines froze and the pump died, my father in law had a spare, typically well prepared! There were also some electrical problems and one of our batteries had leaked on the trip up, but nothing that was serious. </td></tr>
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We came to learn that all the roads become “gumbo” after it rains in this part of BC. That stuff packs into truck tire treads and makes travel nearly impossible until it dries out or freezes. <br />
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On two occasions I decided to follow a trail into the bush on the ATV. Everything seemed fine at first as I was going along the trails, but then suddenly the front wheels would fall out from under ATV, sinking into the muskeg nearly to the top of the tires. Stepping off the ATV was no better. Both times it happened I sank up to my knees in the muskeg as I tried to find a way to free the ATV. There were no sturdy trees to winch to and going in reverse just dug the wheels in deeper. I trudged my way out of the musket and gathered some sticks and small logs. I pressed them into the wheel wells and while playing the throttle reversed the ATV slightly, sucking the logs under the wheels. After repeating this a few times, I could feel the ATV gain traction as I tried to reverse it out. I could hear my buddy's voice in my head "Pin it to win it!" and so I kept hard on the throttle as the ATV tore its way backwards. Once I got it back on hard ground, I vowed never to let that happen again. Well, it did happen again, one more time, but after the second time I really started to figure out the common denominator. If it is grassy and there are no trees, that is a very bad sign. It is probably muskeg. If there are shrubs and bushes, then it is probably firm enough to walk or drive the ATV.<br />
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As I continued to explore the area I came upon a sad sight. Along a trail above the clearing where I had seen the moose cow and calf, I came upon the partially eaten carcass of a moose calf. I had the sinking feeling that it must have been that calf from the previous evening, but there was no way to tell. I walked around it a few times and saw wolf tracks. They had already made short work of the soft innards.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxbSjejnL6xNj7qcDLx_TJIbVfMEqy1eOQPyMD381-IRVqOqaFhAD50h-HUW0b1DvRbBZLbstPJ_7LpDqpCPbOi9xU3oH_nJjZirZyGLXIMd0LHV0Dve3GvgqplYJVcOPXs4IqCLmVlP1/s1600/IMG_8521.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMxbSjejnL6xNj7qcDLx_TJIbVfMEqy1eOQPyMD381-IRVqOqaFhAD50h-HUW0b1DvRbBZLbstPJ_7LpDqpCPbOi9xU3oH_nJjZirZyGLXIMd0LHV0Dve3GvgqplYJVcOPXs4IqCLmVlP1/s640/IMG_8521.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A sad sight. A moose calf eaten by wolves.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPLxDc_a6A1Fz6fBTKiZEdtlJc-idwFnr-Qu4DVDPBX_Szpta08jLtkHgYnEVV1IW2eDn7_DsP0BnuxRUdQSBMVTbIDyIRqLqbwC5EMSWB3jBo1yAS7T121Yj1_12aj8H9WpyylwAZ7aLs/s1600/IMG_8515.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPLxDc_a6A1Fz6fBTKiZEdtlJc-idwFnr-Qu4DVDPBX_Szpta08jLtkHgYnEVV1IW2eDn7_DsP0BnuxRUdQSBMVTbIDyIRqLqbwC5EMSWB3jBo1yAS7T121Yj1_12aj8H9WpyylwAZ7aLs/s640/IMG_8515.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A squirrel through my scope on low magnification.</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPt0l6dhPBPLUhqGmYCQnO-s0fH8IcSuYeLJAvX9VCpGnnIUvcTnbnjH8PyPpyF7UZ1GEfNGwmbLqYgo3BmRDD85Ak2KBF42j0U1j89LLZy50vUUO37qPniz9nxt4mgP9LcF6d5nHk9X4g/s1600/IMG_8519.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPt0l6dhPBPLUhqGmYCQnO-s0fH8IcSuYeLJAvX9VCpGnnIUvcTnbnjH8PyPpyF7UZ1GEfNGwmbLqYgo3BmRDD85Ak2KBF42j0U1j89LLZy50vUUO37qPniz9nxt4mgP9LcF6d5nHk9X4g/s640/IMG_8519.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Much harder to free hand my phone camera on higher magnification.</td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMVRpkHalVwVj2ZXUivviipxedanOrDP7K98w-sjZIglg3k4LVVtFI95Q1bI3KpIaT5bM4XOPX7c3ejqsXAQFlbxZPfIKYJL_pBn9aSbaSrKja3r0RRzHy1fVNsKG0lPEEvprER0nHqV79/s1600/IMG_8498.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMVRpkHalVwVj2ZXUivviipxedanOrDP7K98w-sjZIglg3k4LVVtFI95Q1bI3KpIaT5bM4XOPX7c3ejqsXAQFlbxZPfIKYJL_pBn9aSbaSrKja3r0RRzHy1fVNsKG0lPEEvprER0nHqV79/s640/IMG_8498.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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I continued to scout the area the following day and got so far afield that I crossed into the next management unit where the antler restriction increased to 6 points or more. I found a great spot to glass and spent the morning picking apart a mountain side. Unfortunately, I didn't find any wildlife, but I definitely found out that I am happy with my new spotting scope, a Vortex Viper 15-45x by 65mm. It was the right compromise for me between size, cost, magnification, and quality at around $1000.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtVdXsmVkD_q4LMhYArqDZ3z6vcieVCpzUR2qJEtGjV6_sRIP7A4nf1a5oRVYg9TDhbvvy1mCbKhB99_5yl8r4mGBSHxSffO6m8FPMq_3ZEOc3RYTWBWzj586JbQGtIITsf448oe3ielTZ/s1600/IMG_8506.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1203" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtVdXsmVkD_q4LMhYArqDZ3z6vcieVCpzUR2qJEtGjV6_sRIP7A4nf1a5oRVYg9TDhbvvy1mCbKhB99_5yl8r4mGBSHxSffO6m8FPMq_3ZEOc3RYTWBWzj586JbQGtIITsf448oe3ielTZ/s640/IMG_8506.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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A few hours later I concluded my glassing and continued on, covering ground, exploring trails, and looking for sign. After a long morning of scouting on the ATV I noticed by fuel was getting low and made my way back to camp. That afternoon I decided to explore an area just beyond where I had to turn around on the first evening because it was getting too dark. As I drove past a gas well, I started to notice some huge wolf tracks and wolverine tracks dried into the muddy shoulder of the road. I rounded a corner which had two trailheads leading off of the road and continued on for another few hundred metres past a pond to where the road dead ended at a decommissioned well head. There was another trail head there which headed down hill. There in the mud was some dried tracks. It was larger than deer, but smaller than moose. I decided that it had to be elk sign. <br />
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I drove back to the corner and picked the trailhead which headed east. I set out on foot and started a routine of calling while slowly still hunting my way down the trail. Every fifteen to twenty minutes I let out a few cow chirps or a bugle. Generally, I erred on the side of cow chirps, mostly because of my experience in the Squamish river valley listening to a herd calling to lost cows. After a solid three hours the light was fading, so I made my way back to camp.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFzs6k0V3Jvnw3jPo1ETLxuAEoAZDocDVQYott_d3yp9BeAaa8Xp0e9kYviEOOGbHstWlRXkKntxvRr835yo_VbbRzmbM4HfUn5bHBgraPHZ39gODM0pLGre4tnbREgDIU13oxiXd_4bt9/s1600/IMG_8508.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFzs6k0V3Jvnw3jPo1ETLxuAEoAZDocDVQYott_d3yp9BeAaa8Xp0e9kYviEOOGbHstWlRXkKntxvRr835yo_VbbRzmbM4HfUn5bHBgraPHZ39gODM0pLGre4tnbREgDIU13oxiXd_4bt9/s640/IMG_8508.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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That night I told my father in law about the day and the sign that I had seen. He had seen a monster bull moose down by the lake, but it was several kilometres away across the valley, quite out of reach. We discussed the plan for the next day and we decided that I would head back to the same spot where I had seen the elk sign and set up my trail cameras and see if there was anything hanging around there and he would go back after that moose by the lake.<br />
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The next day I grabbed my trail cams and headed back to the decommissioned well head. I took the truck and decided to set one of the trail cameras up near the pond. I parked on the side of the road and started to walk around the pond to see if there were any game trails. To my surprise I found lots of fresh elk tracks as soon as I got off the road, right by the edge of the pond. There were several game trails leading off the pond, so I set up one of my cameras at a point where a few of the trails converged. <br />
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I continued on a little way and parked the truck near the decommissioned well head. As I got out of the truck, I looked over at a mud puddle in the ditch that I noticed the previous day. I had noticed it because the last thing I wanted was to get the truck stuck the same way I had gotten the ATV stuck a few times. This time, however, I noticed some fresh elk tracks in the mud. I walked over to take a look and my heart started to beat faster. Could this be a wallow?<br />
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Bull elk like to roll in mud to perfume themselves with urine during mating season, known as the rut. As I got closer, I started noticing the mud looked like someone had pressed a paint brush into it...it was the impression made by elk fur. The mud started to tell a story. I could see where the elk had rolled, where his antlers had dug into the mud, where he had dug up some of the mud. I was in complete shock. I had stumbled upon an elk wallow in the ditch next to a decommissioned gas well. Elk were in the area. I couldn't contain myself. I had found an area with elk. I was ecstatic.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9gqaRn5b7VxtUeYiNaNvtf_wHBPJ_NjutWtwvxE58MaMRfN3vIgP68fBJLVTRCBd_3-rL02J1cRMy-okwHtSnRyiLGEcWjtT4H3M4hqzZtkj2XhxBIL5Y6I8jncSRUq2gvcrNBj8QHrC/s1600/IMG_8529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_9gqaRn5b7VxtUeYiNaNvtf_wHBPJ_NjutWtwvxE58MaMRfN3vIgP68fBJLVTRCBd_3-rL02J1cRMy-okwHtSnRyiLGEcWjtT4H3M4hqzZtkj2XhxBIL5Y6I8jncSRUq2gvcrNBj8QHrC/s640/IMG_8529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSoI-ehkw-D5DaN-3RWhgWzoLQWyKf6SiFaz8_j-29O2v3CzdOUrYqo_j_UbOVDp1dwxaDdX7N4sy-BPcSFV5jxtgAQaDoREyBfXOgNgJPyN2FyXEE9aVWE5U7qQqCACJMxHPzEKKWprtP/s1600/IMG_8528.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSoI-ehkw-D5DaN-3RWhgWzoLQWyKf6SiFaz8_j-29O2v3CzdOUrYqo_j_UbOVDp1dwxaDdX7N4sy-BPcSFV5jxtgAQaDoREyBfXOgNgJPyN2FyXEE9aVWE5U7qQqCACJMxHPzEKKWprtP/s640/IMG_8528.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The wallow with the fur impressions visible.</td></tr>
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I set up my second camera looking out over the wallow and decided to hike away from the area, down hill, towards the river gully. I spent the next 3 hours hiking and calling my way down to towards the river gully where I suspected the elk may have been hanging out. I got no responses to my chips and bugles, but I wasn't deterred. I knew they were in the area and now it would just come down to locating them and getting a lucky break.<br />
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After a lengthy hike towards the river I decided I had to turn back because I was planning to meet my father in law back at camp for lunch. The hike back to the road could be done much more quickly if I de-layered myself of warm clothing and picked up the pace. I tossed my pack down and started taking layers off for the hike uphill back to the truck. Just at that moment, five grouse decided to waddle across the road. It was like I was watching this weird little grouse migration.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio58i8m2nIh8Mafa7yXeHvWPU8KdiNMBlZcF3VgPrLCE8oreIEkP9twF8ZqPuipOb6bvt1JX2LfMstgbKTrXw5pUG5MGQd0IJYkwnTePPnUcO-rrVsZy-MWdaQyiOIp2fr4MMhluvwIQtK/s1600/IMG_8634.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio58i8m2nIh8Mafa7yXeHvWPU8KdiNMBlZcF3VgPrLCE8oreIEkP9twF8ZqPuipOb6bvt1JX2LfMstgbKTrXw5pUG5MGQd0IJYkwnTePPnUcO-rrVsZy-MWdaQyiOIp2fr4MMhluvwIQtK/s640/IMG_8634.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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After the grouse left, I started the hike back up to the truck. A couple hours later I was back at camp telling my father in law about the wallow and the good feeling I had about that area. We had lunch and I decided I would head back to the area, park further away from the wallow, hike in a short way and set up my little bind at a crossroads of trails and see if I could call in an elk that evening. The temperature was dropping, so I decided to put on my winter gear and boots.<br />
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After lunch I headed back out. On the drive to the wallow I started to doubt my plan to set up a blind and sit all evening. By the time I was getting close to where I wanted to park, I had completely changed my mind and decided I was going to do another hike. <br />
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I decided to park the truck a few kilometers away from the wallow and stalk my way to it while calling. I pulled over about 800m before the corner with the two trail heads where there was a little pullout. I set about changing from my warm winter boots and winter parka to my lighter hiking boots and jacket. I started tossing gear out of my pack that I wouldn't need for the hike, such as my blind, butt pad, and tripod. My gear was all over the place, but I didn't want to carry any unnecessary weight in my pack. Just as I got my hiking boots on, I happened to glance down one of the two trails which radiated out from the pullout where I was parked and my heart stopped. There was a brown dot. THERE WAS A BROWN DOT!!! <br />
<br />
I scrambled to find my binos. My shit was everywhere! Where were they!? This was not supposed to happen like this. On the seat of the truck! I grabbed my binos and was confronted with the sight of a cow elk grazing peacefully about 800m away from me, straight down a trail. FUCK! I was a complete disaster, mid-gear change, mid-repack, it was a complete yard sale, shit was strewn all over the place! I started grabbing gear. I needed this. This, I didn't need.<br />
<br />
I needed to be light and quiet to stalk in. I was tossing things everywhere, scrambling to get myself organized. I shut the truck doors quietly, and locked them, but then realized I still had excess stuff. I chucked my butt pad and tripod into the brush. No! I might need the tripod to shoot off of! I scrambled into the brush on my hands and knees to get it and strapped it to my pack.<br />
<br />
Shit! Had I scared off the cow in all this commotion!? I quieted myself as best I could and slowly peaked my head out of the brush to see if she was still there. Yes, she was, the brown dot was still there. Crap! Were cow elk really open in this region!? No mistakes! I unzipped my pocket and doubled checked the regulations on my phone, and yes indeed. Cow elk and 3 point bull elk or better are open in this area. Okay... now I need to make my play.<br />
<br />
With a hurriedly repacked backpack and whichever gear I had somehow managed to grab from the truck it was time to make a play for this cow elk. In the chaos I had not forgotten my calls. Thank goodness. I crept a little further ahead in the brush and poked my head out again, just high enough to see the cow. I pulled out my Primos Hoochie Mama call. It was now or never.<br />
<br />
I gave the call a squeeze and a loud "EEEEE-awwwww" pierced the air. Through the binos I watched as the cow elk jerked here head up. Her ears and eyes were fixed on where the sound had come from. I had the sinking feeling that she would bolt.<br />
<br />
To my huge relief she started trotting towards me. CRAP! I had not thought this through! I had nothing to shoot off of! She was 800m away and starting to come in. I wouldn't be able to make that shot until she was so close that I could shoot off hand. Big mistake.<br />
<br />
I crouched down in the brush, out of sight, and had to think fast. I saw some trees ahead of me jutting into the middle of the trail. If I could make it to those trees, maybe, just maybe, I could crawl out into the middle of the trail and shoot prone off my bipod. Okay... that's the plan. I poked my head up and there she was still looking my way, but still too far off for a shot, probably 750m. She lowered her head and started grazing again. I squeezed the call again, "EEEEE-Awwww" and her head lifted. Once again, she resumed her trot towards me.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXXkvlhmIB9KvoUbJF9KWDZHbWuW0Clxdje3L0jD3nk7_JymJGCMSL6dCKjJjSRzb1_M1-I7UGiVlq_zKfE7ozLVj_PrDAj_uUW_mGJNm89GsIzrqNQGrEZsMl8Mt9n4xhEpxk9JJy8Te/s1600/IMG_8638.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVXXkvlhmIB9KvoUbJF9KWDZHbWuW0Clxdje3L0jD3nk7_JymJGCMSL6dCKjJjSRzb1_M1-I7UGiVlq_zKfE7ozLVj_PrDAj_uUW_mGJNm89GsIzrqNQGrEZsMl8Mt9n4xhEpxk9JJy8Te/s640/IMG_8638.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is taken standing from the first place I tried to lay prone. On the left, those are the first trees which were jutting out into the trail. I took the eventual shot from 10m ahead of this point laying prone at the base of the tree in the middle of this photo just to the right of that small bush at its base.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
I crouched back down and crawled to my left into the treeline. In the trees I crept ahead about 10m to the where I thought I could make the prone shot. I belly crawled out and popped down the legs of my bipod. As I lay prone it became clear that I was too far across the trail to get a good shot. I was past the middle and the angle was all wrong. There was still one more set of trees another 10m ahead where I might be able to get a shot from.<br />
<br />
I started crawling back to the tree line and saw the cow elk, now much closer, probably 600m. She was stopped, just staring at where I was. I squeezed the call again and she resumed her walk towards me. This was happening, but I still had nowhere to shoot from.<br />
<br />
I made it back to the treeline and advanced to the next set of trees and bushes which stuck out into the trail. Ahead of that point there were no other bushes or trees jutting out into the trail that I could hide behind. The trail was as straight as an arrow and this was the last place that I could set up to take a shot. It would have to be there. I belly crawled behind the trees and bushes out from the treeline at the edge of the trail until just my rifle and head poked out into the middle of the trail, keeping my body concealed behind some bushes. It was perfect. I was looking right down the middle of this trail with no obstructions, resting on my bipod, as stable as it gets.<br />
<br />
Through the scope I started to watch the cow elk. By now she was around 500m away, still too far for me to shoot. I checked my turrets and dialed up for 200m. That's when I realized, I had left my range finder in my parka, back in the truck. Shit. I would have to estimate the range.<br />
<br />
As I lay prone looking at the cow elk through my scope, I gave another call, and like each previous time, she resumed her progress towards me. Whoa! There was another elk with her! It was a bull!<br />
<br />
Within seconds I was counting tines. 1-2-3-4, 1-2-3-4, definitely a 4x4, maybe more, definitely legal, 1-2-3-4, yep, for sure. Change of plans, I decided to go for the bull.<br />
<br />
Each time they slowed or seemed to lose interest, a squeeze of the Hoochie Mama got them both trotting towards me. Seconds felt like hours as they came towards me, the bull always a few paces behind the cow.<br />
<br />
The bull carried himself quite differently than the cow, his presence was regal and dominant. Both majestic animals, but the bull's presence was quite impressive.<br />
<br />
They closed the distance until their images filled my scope. They seemed close, very close. I guessed it was 100m and waited for my opportunity. They were both walking towards me head-on. And then my moment came. The cow went left and the bull stopped. He turned, right, quartering on. I put the cross-hairs just behind his shoulder and squeezed. BOOM!<br />
<br />
As I regained my sight picture I couldn't see the elk. I had just taken a shot at my first elk. I sent a message to my father in law saying that I had just taken a shot at a bull elk. I got up, chambered another round and put the safety back on. I walked back to the truck to give the elk some time. I dropped off any unnecessary gear and made sure I had all my essentials for field dressing. It was just after 5:00pm.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gdTHsLftJto4oMTg8HA4Vtk0sWoVD57LY-_UCzJJUnDhlnZXCKSCkBNu1R7rtFXhZLIDDEk6ivJc-mhsvnFM6vHhklWSJFU8A6Kj9WLY8g_ReqjPXoIkdO3CY2V5Pif-n8P0pV4vjDxT/s1600/IMG_8547.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_gdTHsLftJto4oMTg8HA4Vtk0sWoVD57LY-_UCzJJUnDhlnZXCKSCkBNu1R7rtFXhZLIDDEk6ivJc-mhsvnFM6vHhklWSJFU8A6Kj9WLY8g_ReqjPXoIkdO3CY2V5Pif-n8P0pV4vjDxT/s640/IMG_8547.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
I took my time. It felt like an hour, but I couldn't handle waiting any more. It was 5:20pm. I started to walk up to where the elk had been and there, I saw him. He had fallen a few feet from where he stood when I took the shot. As I approached, the cow bolted out from the trees into the middle of the trail, just past where the bull was lying. She looked back at me for a split second before starting to run off. I tried to call her to keep her in the area for my father in law, who also had a tag, but she never stopped. A few minutes later my father in law arrived. If this ever happens again, I will wait until he gets there so we can stalk up together. I never expected the cow to stick around. My eagerness meant we missed the chance to punch my father in law's elk tag. Anyways, we were still elated.<br />
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Before we set to work, I pulled from my backpack a couple of mini-bar size bottles of Glenmorangie Quita Ruban scotch that had been rattling around my pack since my first hunting trip. I had them to celebrate my first deer with my father in law, but in all the excitement I had forgotten. 4 years later it was time to celebrate another first. We took photos and toasted our success. Then the work began.<br />
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When we got finished field dressing, I noticed that there was no bullet exit hole. It would be a neat memento if I could find the bullet. It was starting to get dark at this point and grizzlies were in the area. I gave up on finding the bullet in the gut pile and we began the short haul out to the road. Luckily it was a straight shot to the road. As it turned out, he was 250m from the road according to the GPS. My shot was 225m. This just reinforces my opinion that most people, me included, can't estimate range and range finders are essential for any shot beyond about 250m, not to mention, most people shouldn't be taking shots further, me included. With the help of the ATV and some blocks, we managed to load the elk into the bed of the truck.<br />
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We got back to camp and set to work skinning, quartering, and hanging the elk on the game poles. By 2 am we were finished, exhausted, and in need of sleep. We stumbled into the trailer, too tired to have dinner and just collapsed.<br />
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The next morning, I finished cleaning off the last bits of hair and we wrapped the quarters in game bags. <br />
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Over the next few days we took a more leisurely approach to the hunt. We went out looking for moose and elk, or any other species that we had tags for. I even went back to the gut pile in hopes of finding the bullet when I went to get my cameras back. There was nothing left but some wet ground where the gut pile had been and there were only photos of me on the game cameras unfortunately. We went after grouse a few times and made a great grouse curry.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiash7dRNY1nCRPkwhJ3MtooP2d9CLOBOUg_T2rF-QXqRjhBTR7KGJ2vOChEhVPmmn_qfwlkw_y36joGRimpmP-cDdSBg_PYWP_0TxarYKTFgWUfmuzKfcRLKfGVop6Xh-2ZckiXbSskik/s1600/14AA78B5-B108-4CF2-B48C-6DDE18A85312.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiash7dRNY1nCRPkwhJ3MtooP2d9CLOBOUg_T2rF-QXqRjhBTR7KGJ2vOChEhVPmmn_qfwlkw_y36joGRimpmP-cDdSBg_PYWP_0TxarYKTFgWUfmuzKfcRLKfGVop6Xh-2ZckiXbSskik/s640/14AA78B5-B108-4CF2-B48C-6DDE18A85312.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grouse Curry</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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While we had been there, a bunch of good 'ol boys rolled up and set up what they called "Hobo Junction" next to us. It was an impressive mobile village of trailers and tents. They were a bunch of guys in their 60s to 80s who go to this spot each year as an annual tradition. We went over a few times and shared stories and drinks. They were great.<br />
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After a few days our worries about warming weather started to come true. We watched the forecast and daily temperatures climb and decided that we needed to cut the trip short to ensure there was no risk of the meat spoiling.<br />
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<br />
We spent one day scouting around and went to some of the other places we had considered camping if this place had not worked out. We saw twenty plus stone sheep, a black bear, and white tailed deer that day.<br />
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The next morning was really warm as we packed up. We loaded the elk and headed south. We stopped in Fort St. John and got dry ice which we put near the meat. It helped keep the temperature in the trailer low during the day for the drive home. We decided to one-shot it and drove non-stop through the night, arriving at Sumas Meats just after they opened the following morning. <br />
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A few weeks later I got the call to pick up the meat. It was just after Thanksgiving. As I was loading the nicely packaged meat into my truck, I found a little scrunched up piece of butcher paper. They had found the bullet.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2t1dVWczM-Pp5JmyUM48oca6gBRgZgO4wR2pNJsoCGYagtQoOcWVUsWONY2Qpovlvba0-fGCvyHGDAm8fbYKNt-NAcSMhasFHNH2mE4GaCk1tfB-3ndhRICIgQdWK20A753c5LQgtMA2A/s1600/56116153285__0D238130-8D2E-461D-87EC-3012C8BD9C74.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2t1dVWczM-Pp5JmyUM48oca6gBRgZgO4wR2pNJsoCGYagtQoOcWVUsWONY2Qpovlvba0-fGCvyHGDAm8fbYKNt-NAcSMhasFHNH2mE4GaCk1tfB-3ndhRICIgQdWK20A753c5LQgtMA2A/s640/56116153285__0D238130-8D2E-461D-87EC-3012C8BD9C74.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I kept the case and was lucky that the butcher found the bullet</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR2vnoPfd3gn553gmA2QeWxVv8Ut-KZrKqQu4XSyebQIIgiraEP3xwFMshD65F1UZzGEzuh-_o0aFOqksg2lx0DZL9Rt3awst6cZXtXyhss6GtrbzIwnDTzxA6YOX7tsqKqDDi77exET3b/s1600/IMG_8893.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR2vnoPfd3gn553gmA2QeWxVv8Ut-KZrKqQu4XSyebQIIgiraEP3xwFMshD65F1UZzGEzuh-_o0aFOqksg2lx0DZL9Rt3awst6cZXtXyhss6GtrbzIwnDTzxA6YOX7tsqKqDDi77exET3b/s640/IMG_8893.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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The first meal I made with my elk was steak. I wanted to taste it with as little seasoning as possible to really understand the flavour. It was everything my father in law had said it was. It is the best meat there is. Slightly better than moose, I think. It was a trip of a life time and now I am hooked on filling the freezer with elk.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKATBKERgiglhmLGvKDtXqdQovmHP8FBeiqeoXc8pHeirxfc4ExT4MvujboK3z_sqaYV3Kd5fIG3cMsJyQZ8I17dGWFFfWPGOfBbsLqs4j95WdiySAIfQy3gkz6V8qTG7zKghijTdNwpM2/s1600/IMG_8682.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKATBKERgiglhmLGvKDtXqdQovmHP8FBeiqeoXc8pHeirxfc4ExT4MvujboK3z_sqaYV3Kd5fIG3cMsJyQZ8I17dGWFFfWPGOfBbsLqs4j95WdiySAIfQy3gkz6V8qTG7zKghijTdNwpM2/s640/IMG_8682.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Something I learned is that elk have ivory, upper teeth which are vestigial tusks.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJJcZdnfuEnhUHysWLSLXxjiTvwFqO6PW_ofntw1O4lJlAAbT-aDTKSkHUTZ5H0F_pU4CmxUPHw_2hxwWBwMu1vPqeX2fOgIIUhE5llStmlyrtdPm1zKxfCIWkOPUUyikRAs3mq_iswkb/s1600/IMG_8685.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinJJcZdnfuEnhUHysWLSLXxjiTvwFqO6PW_ofntw1O4lJlAAbT-aDTKSkHUTZ5H0F_pU4CmxUPHw_2hxwWBwMu1vPqeX2fOgIIUhE5llStmlyrtdPm1zKxfCIWkOPUUyikRAs3mq_iswkb/s640/IMG_8685.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I removed and saved the ivory so that one day I can make some earrings for my wife from them.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFeape3OBcP-IsMyNC62JiO5YWsKpIS0GIO1L0wnHRze7JqeQ9ehoWHUUfz78Ge4Z5SHKdy44sY2ICXuNFGliQInfJveaDaYpc-SBhmQuMaee9sZ9pYUAW4c_9youSa32ShZv_WwiG4Kbz/s1600/IMG_9086.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFeape3OBcP-IsMyNC62JiO5YWsKpIS0GIO1L0wnHRze7JqeQ9ehoWHUUfz78Ge4Z5SHKdy44sY2ICXuNFGliQInfJveaDaYpc-SBhmQuMaee9sZ9pYUAW4c_9youSa32ShZv_WwiG4Kbz/s640/IMG_9086.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Every time I look at these antlers I will remember this trip as the amazing adventure which filled my freezer with the best meat there is.</td></tr>
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<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-81842443764159564592018-12-13T00:14:00.000-08:002018-12-13T00:14:29.950-08:00Grouse "Butter Chicken"<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Grouse "Butter Chicken" is one of my favourite camp meals. It is easy, the ingredients travel well, and it is a great way to lift the spirits when people are getting discouraged. <br />
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Every time I have gone after grouse, it has been as a side hunt while moose or elk hunting. Hunting any quarry can become discouraging, especially when you have taken time off work, lucked out with an LEH draw, but can't seem to find sign or the promise of eventual success. Taking a break with some grouse hunting is instantly rewarding and seems to reset ones enthusiasm.<br />
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Everyone goes after grouse in their own way, and to purists, my method may seem unorthodox. I hunt with a .22LR, specifically, a Ruger 10/22. I only go for head shots, whether they are on the ground or in the tree. I've heard that some people believe it is unsporting to shoot grouse which are not flying, but these purists are using shotguns with bird shot. I prefer to get the grouse where I see them on the ground, before they flush, or if they do take flight, I follow their trajectory into the trees and try to find them again when they are sitting on a branch.<br />
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With a little practice, I would say I am 75% successful in finding grouse again once they have flushed and flown into the forest. They usually only fly a short way, land about half way up the tree, and if you look up and down the trunks, you can usually find them sitting still, trying to be invisible, near the trunk of the tree. This method works for me and I have come close to limiting out on several occasions in a couple of hours. <br />
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The other nice thing about grouse "butter chicken" or any other curry dish is that it has a way of masking any of the gamy flavours from older grouse, or grouse some people dislike such as Spruce Grouse. No question, I prefer Ruffed Grouse, as milder and tastier, but it is equally enjoyable to pursue all types of grouse, and this is a good recipe that makes them all work well.<br />
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Ingredients:</h3>
4 to 10 grouse<br />
1 can of curry, butter chicken, korma, whatever Indian sauce<br />
1 can of coconut milk<br />
Oil or margarine <br />
1 Onion<br />
Garlic (optional) <br />
Rice or Potatoes<br />
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1) Cube the grouse breasts into 1" cubes. Make sure they are clean and all approximately the same size cubes. Notice the colour of the above photo. The dark coloured meat is from Spruce Grouse and the lighter coloured meat is from Ruffed Grouse.<br />
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2) On high heat and with a few tablespoons of oil, saute the diced onion until translucent and starting to brown. Add garlic to taste if available. <br />
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3) Add the cubed grouse and brown.<br />
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4) Add the curry/butter chicken/korma sauce and coconut milk. Simmer for 10-15 minutes or until thoroughly cooked.<br />
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5) Serve over rice or potatoes.<br />
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One of the cool things about this dish is that you get to taste many different grouse. Each bite is different. A few friends have remarked that it has changed their opinion of Spruce Grouse and their flavour when served like this. You'll notice the difference between species, but it will be interesting rather than overwhelming. <br />
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Enjoy!!Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-16930195223831422042018-12-10T18:18:00.000-08:002018-12-10T18:18:24.170-08:00Commemorating a Hunt: Antler MountsEvery hunt that I have been on has a story. I come back with many great memories and valuable lessons about nature, animals, and myself. <br />
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The real trophy is always the experience of the hunt itself. Any meat that I come back with is fantastic bonus. <br />
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I like to commemorate the animals which I have hunted with a mount so that every time I look at their unique antlers I can reminisce about the experience and meals. These antlers hold a place of honour in my home and give me a great appreciation of the importance of these animals and conservation of their habitat.<br />
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Here is how I like to commemorate my antlers.<br />
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Once I get home from the hunt I usually have either the whole head or the skull cap.<br />
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I use a bone saw to cut the cap off from behind the ears, down to the eye sockets, and from the bridge of the nose to the eye sockets. It is best to cut it level so that it is easy to mount at this stage.<br />
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As a side note, I have used fiber glass to reassemble a skull which was broken when I had to use a second shot to make sure my moose stayed down. <br />
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Next, I boil the skull cap until the flesh peels off easily, usually about an hour or two. I do this outside on the BBQ to make sure the smell is minimized. <br />
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Then I pick off the flesh with a knife and screw driver and then let the skull dry out. I apply 2 coats of semigloss varnish to the antlers to preserve the colour. Once I am sure the skull is cut at the right angle and it is sitting nicely against the wall, I trace and cut out a 1/2 inch backing board out of plywood and screw the skull cap to it. This allows the skull cap to be upholstered. <br />
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I buy a hobby board from Michael's or Amazon and then stain it to the colour I like. <br />
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I use glossy varnish to protect the plaque.<br />
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I use upholdery foam and cut an oversize block. <br />
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I use a stapler to start upholstering the skull cap as shown in the photos.<br />
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Cut the foam around the antlers<br />
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Pull tightly and upholster the whole skull cap.<br />
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Cut off the excess.<br />
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Pick fabric and decorative rope. I usually go to Fabricland.<br />
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Upholster the antlers with the fabric.<br />
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I use zip ties to gather the fabric around the antlers and then cut off the excess.<br />
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I hide the seam on the side using decorative rope. I try to make the seam end up where you naturally won't see it very much on the sides.<br />
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I use a glue gun to attach the rope and hide the seam and zip ties.</div>
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The last step is to screw the antlers to the board and hang it in your house.<br />
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<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-2622569013003723182018-11-04T09:14:00.002-08:002018-11-04T09:25:08.113-08:00The Guardian: Five countries hold 70% of world's last wildernesses, map reveals<ul class="social social--top js-social--top u-unstyled u-cf" data-component="social"><div class="content__headline-standfirst-wrapper">
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<h1 class="content__headline " itemprop="headline">
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Vancouver Hunter: As Canadians we have a huge portion of the remaining wilderness. As hunters it is our job to protect it.<br />
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<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/31/five-countries-hold-70-of-worlds-last-wildernesses-map-reveals#img-1" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/31/five-countries-hold-70-of-worlds-last-wildernesses-map-reveals#img-1</a><br /><br />
<h1 class="content__headline " itemprop="headline">
Five countries hold 70% of world's last wildernesses, map reveals
</h1>
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<div class="content__standfirst" data-component="standfirst" data-link-name="standfirst">
First map of Earth’s intact ecosystems shows just five nations are
responsible for most of them – but it will require global action to
protect them</div>
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</div>
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<div class="byline" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline">
<span itemprop="author" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a class="tone-colour" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/lisa-cox" itemprop="sameAs" rel="author"><span itemprop="name">Lisa Cox</span></a></span></div>
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<time class="content__dateline-wpd js-wpd content__dateline-wpd--modified" data-timestamp="1541008838000" datetime="2018-10-31T18:00:38+0000" itemprop="datePublished">
Wed 31 Oct 2018 <span class="content__dateline-time">18.00 GMT</span>
</time>
<time class="content__dateline-lm js-lm u-h" data-timestamp="1541100301000" datetime="2018-11-01T19:25:01+0000" itemprop="dateModified">
Last modified on Thu 1 Nov 2018 <span class="content__dateline-time">19.25 GMT</span></time><br />
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<br />
A Xikrin woman walks back to her village from the Cateté River in Brazil.
Photograph: Taylor Weidman/Getty Images<br />
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<div class="content__article-body from-content-api js-article__body" data-test-id="article-review-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<div class="content__article-body from-content-api js-article__body" data-test-id="article-review-body" itemprop="articleBody">
Just five countries hold 70% of the world’s remaining untouched
wilderness areas and urgent international action is needed to protect
them, according to new research.<br />
<br />
Researchers from the University of Queensland (UQ) and the Wildlife <a class="u-underline" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/conservation">Conservation</a>
Society (WCS) have for the first time produced a global map that sets
out which countries are responsible for nature that is devoid of heavy
industrial activity.<br />
<br />
It comes ahead of the conference of parties to the Convention on
Biological Diversity in Egypt in November where signatory nations are
working towards a plan for the protection <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/mar/12/what-is-biodiversity-and-why-does-it-matter-to-us">of biodiversity</a> beyond 2020.<br />
<br />
Conservationists are calling for a mandated target for wilderness
conservation that will preserve the planet’s vulnerable ecosystems.<br />
<br />
The UQ and WCS study, <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07183-6">published in the journal Nature</a>,
identifies Australia, the US, Brazil, Russia and Canada as the five
countries that hold the vast majority of the world’s remaining
wilderness.<br />
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Map of the world’s remaining wilderness. Green represents land
wilderness, while blue represents ocean wilderness. Photograph: Nature<br />
<br />
The data excludes untouched wilderness in Antarctica and on the high seas that is not contained within national borders.<br />
<br />
The paper comes after the team of scientists produced data in 2016
that charted the planet’s remaining terrestrial wilderness and <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/26/just-13-of-global-oceans-undamaged-by-humanity-research-reveals">in 2018 examined</a> which parts of the world’s oceans remained free from the damaging <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study">impacts of human activity</a>.<br />
<br />
They found that more than 77% of land – excluding Antarctica – and 87% of oceans had been modified by human intervention.<br />
<br />
“Two years ago we did the first analysis of wilderness on land,” lead author James Watson said.<br />
“In this new analysis we’ve created a global map and intersected it with national borders to ask: who is responsible?”<br />
<br />
The researchers say that the planet’s remaining wilderness can be
protected “only if it is recognised within international policy
frameworks”.<br />
They’re calling for an international target that protects 100% of all remaining intact ecosystems.<br />
<br />
“It’s achievable to have a target of 100%,” Watson said. “All nations need to do is stop industry from going into those places.”<br />
<br />
He said the five countries responsible for most of the world’s
remaining wilderness had to provide leadership and could act to protect
these areas through legislation or by offering incentives to businesses
that do not erode nature.<br />
<br />
John Robinson, the executive vice-president for global conservation
at WCS, said wilderness would only be secured globally “if these nations
take a leadership role”.<br />
<br />
“Already we <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/08/humans-have-destroyed-a-tenth-of-earths-wilderness-in-25-years-study">have lost so much</a>. We must grasp these opportunities to secure the wilderness before it disappears forever,” he said.</div>
</div>
</div>
</ul>
Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-41649855748342596532018-11-03T10:04:00.001-07:002018-11-03T10:04:23.075-07:002018 Elk PreviewI started working towards this success over two years ago. The first taste of my first elk was delicious! Elk is every bit as good as I had heard.<br />
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Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-28408887152254193402018-11-03T09:48:00.001-07:002018-11-03T09:48:26.012-07:00Chasing Food, Woodland Caribou By Jenny LyCheck out this fantastic story about a fly in caribou hunt by Jenny Ly
of Chasing Food Club! Captivating and well written. Well done Jenny!<br />
<br />
<a href="https://journalofmountainhunting.com/chasing-food-woodland-caribou-by-jenny-ly/?fbclid=IwAR2nRbu310kHiqwGi0aknP-BmUDHm3Bbw07t1JR9FtTikSobkt7fhMOo8fg" target="_blank">https://journalofmountainhunting.com/chasing-food-woodland-caribou-by-jenny-ly/?fbclid=IwAR2nRbu310kHiqwGi0aknP-BmUDHm3Bbw07t1JR9FtTikSobkt7fhMOo8fg</a> <br />
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<a href="https://i1.wp.com/journalofmountainhunting.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/IMG_1547-12.jpg?resize=1400%2C1089&ssl=1" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="800" height="496" src="https://i1.wp.com/journalofmountainhunting.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/IMG_1547-12.jpg?resize=1400%2C1089&ssl=1" width="640" /></a></div>
Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-69800661909827041042018-11-02T01:23:00.000-07:002018-11-02T01:23:29.664-07:00The Guardian: Humanity has wiped out 60% of animal populations since 1970, report findsVancouver Hunter: All scientific sources are in agreement. Habitat loss is the biggest threat facing animals. As a hunter and conservationist, I feel strongly that we need to act to protect and restore habitat so that we can have strong natural biodiversity for generations to come. It's our responsibility to advocate for the habitat and animals we care so much about because no one else is. No one else cares as much as us about what happens deep in the wild, far away from the easily accessible, eco-tourist friendly, provincial and national parks. No one else ventures as deeply into the wilderness, spends as much time, or has as deep a connection to wild animals as we do. Without habitat we will lose more animals. Without animals we will lose hunters. Without hunters we will lose advocates for wildlife and habitat. Without advocates we will lose more habitat. We need to reverse this cycle of decline.<br />
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<br />
<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/30/humanity-wiped-out-animals-since-1970-major-report-finds" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/30/humanity-wiped-out-animals-since-1970-major-report-finds</a><br />
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Humanity has wiped out 60% of animal populations since 1970, report finds
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The huge loss is a tragedy in itself but also threatens the survival of civilisation, say the world’s leading scientists </div>
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<time class="content__dateline-wpd js-wpd content__dateline-wpd--modified" data-timestamp="1540857660000" datetime="2018-10-30T00:01:00+0000" itemprop="datePublished"><span class="content__dateline-time"> </span></time>Cattle in the Amazon rainforest. <br />
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Humanity has wiped out 60% of mammals, birds, fish and reptiles since
1970, leading the world’s foremost experts to warn that the
annihilation of wildlife is now an emergency that threatens
civilisation.<br />
<br />
The new estimate of the massacre of wildlife is made in a <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.wwf.org.uk/updates/living-planet-report-2018">major report produced by WWF</a> and involving 59 scientists from across the globe. It finds that the <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/23/earths-resources-consumed-in-ever-greater-destructive-volumes">vast and growing</a>
consumption of food and resources by the global population is
destroying the web of life, billions of years in the making, upon which
human society ultimately depends for clean air, water and everything
else.<br />
<br />
“We are sleepwalking towards the edge of a cliff” said Mike Barrett, executive director of science and conservation at <a class="u-underline" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/wwf">WWF</a>.
“If there was a 60% decline in the human population, that would be
equivalent to emptying North America, South America, Africa, Europe,
China and Oceania. That is the scale of what we have done.”<br />
<br />
“This is far more than just being about losing the wonders of nature,
desperately sad though that is,” he said. “This is actually now
jeopardising the future of people. Nature is not a ‘nice to have’ – it
is our life-support system.”<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjBjYng_qqcxIPRaRqfjynGVvKPXiizaGa5z5AfO-kLbNRf1VVxu5XlUAxnaCXW2prqDo9BQx4-e1yJTwU40jqerZCVlTAxPbtKzdohDDjx5WlUWz28p8S7XKGfHzJqT9xExzVCntemBEy/s1600/WWF1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="410" data-original-width="1119" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjBjYng_qqcxIPRaRqfjynGVvKPXiizaGa5z5AfO-kLbNRf1VVxu5XlUAxnaCXW2prqDo9BQx4-e1yJTwU40jqerZCVlTAxPbtKzdohDDjx5WlUWz28p8S7XKGfHzJqT9xExzVCntemBEy/s640/WWF1.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
“We are rapidly running out of time,” said Prof Johan Rockström, a
global sustainability expert at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact
Research in Germany. “Only by addressing both ecosystems and climate do
we stand a chance of safeguarding a stable planet for humanity’s future
on Earth.”<br />
<br />
Many scientists believe the world has begun a <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/10/earths-sixth-mass-extinction-event-already-underway-scientists-warn">sixth mass extinction</a>, the first to be caused by a species – <i>Homo sapiens</i>. Other recent analyses have revealed that <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/21/human-race-just-001-of-all-life-but-has-destroyed-over-80-of-wild-mammals-study">humankind has destroyed 83% of all mammals</a> and half of plants since the dawn of civilisation and that, even if the destruction were to end now, it would take <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/oct/15/humanity-is-cutting-down-the-tree-of-life-warn-scientists">5-7 million years for the natural world to recover</a>.<br />
<br />
The Living Planet Index, produced for WWF by the Zoological Society
of London, uses data on 16,704 populations of mammals, birds, fish,
reptiles and amphibians, representing more than 4,000 species, to track
the decline of wildlife. Between 1970 and 2014, the latest data
available, populations fell by an average of 60%. Four years ago, the
decline was 52%. The “shocking truth”, said Barrett, is that the
wildlife crash is continuing unabated.<br />
<br />
Wildlife and the ecosystems are vital to human life, said Prof Bob
Watson, one of the world’s most eminent environmental scientists and
currently chair of an intergovernmental panel on biodiversity that said
in March that the <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/23/destruction-of-nature-as-dangerous-as-climate-change-scientists-warn">destruction of nature is as dangerous as climate change</a>.<br />
<br />
“Nature contributes to human wellbeing culturally and spiritually, as
well as through the critical production of food, clean water, and
energy, and through regulating the Earth’s climate, pollution,
pollination and floods,” he said. “The Living Planet report clearly
demonstrates that human activities are destroying nature at an
unacceptable rate, threatening the wellbeing of current and future
generations.”<br />
<br />
The biggest cause of wildlife losses is the destruction of natural
habitats, much of it to create farmland. Three-quarters of all land on
Earth is now significantly affected by human activities. Killing for
food is the next biggest cause – <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/oct/19/worlds-mammals-being-eaten-into-extinction-report-warns">300 mammal species are being eaten into extinction</a> – while the oceans are massively overfished, with <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/22/half-of-worlds-oceans-now-fished-industrially-maps-reveal">more than half now being industrially fished</a>.<br />
<br />
Chemical pollution is also significant: <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/sep/27/orca-apocalypse-half-of-killer-whales-doomed-to-die-from-pollution">half the world’s killer whale populations are now doomed to die</a>
from PCB contamination. Global trade introduces invasive species and
disease, with amphibians decimated by a fungal disease thought to be
spread by the pet trade.<br />
<br />
The worst affected region is South and Central America, which has
seen an 89% drop in vertebrate populations, largely driven by the
felling of vast areas of wildlife-rich forest. In the tropical savannah
called cerrado, an area the size of Greater London is cleared every two
months, said Barrett.<br />
<br />
“It is a classic example of where the disappearance is the result of
our own consumption, because the deforestation is being driven by ever
expanding agriculture producing soy, which is being exported to
countries including the UK to feed pigs and chickens,” he said. The UK
itself has lost much of its wildlife, <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/14/one-in-10-uk-wildlife-species-faces-extinction-major-report-shows">ranking 189th for biodiversity loss</a> out of 218 nations in 2016.<br />
<br />
The habitats suffering the greatest damage are rivers and lakes,
where wildlife populations have fallen 83%, due to the enormous thirst
of agriculture and the large number of dams. “Again there is this direct
link between the food system and the depletion of wildlife,” said
Barrett. <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/may/31/avoiding-meat-and-dairy-is-single-biggest-way-to-reduce-your-impact-on-earth">Eating less meat is an essential part of reversing losses</a>, he said.<br />
<br />
The Living Planet Index has been criticised as being too broad a
measure of wildlife losses and smoothing over crucial details. But all
indicators, from extinction rates to intactness of ecosystems, show
colossal losses. “They all tell you the same story,” said Barrett.<br />
<br />
Conservation efforts can work, with <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/11/number-of-tigers-in-the-wild-rises-for-first-time-in-over-100-years">tiger numbers having risen 20% in India</a> in six years as habitat is protected. <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/mar/02/giant-panda-numbers-up-17-china-reports">Giant pandas in China</a> and <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/aug/18/otters-return-british-rivers">otters in the UK</a> have also been doing well.<br />
<br />
But Marco Lambertini, director general of WWF International, said the
fundamental issue was consumption: “We can no longer ignore the impact
of current unsustainable production models and wasteful lifestyles.”<br />
<br />
The world’s nations are working towards a crunch meeting of the UN’s
Convention on Biological Diversity in 2020, when new commitments for the
protection of nature will be made. “We need a new global deal for
nature and people and we have this narrow window of less than two years
to get it,” said Barrett. “This really is the last chance. We have to
get it right this time.”<br />
<br />
Tanya Steele, chief executive at WWF, said: “We are the first
generation to know we are destroying our planet and the last one that
can do anything about it.”<br />
<br />
<br />Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-3715242622975746272018-10-31T14:33:00.000-07:002018-10-31T14:59:17.945-07:002017 Moose and White Tailed DeerIn July 2017, in spite of our group’s diminished odds due to our draw successes in 2015, one of our friends managed to get a moose draw while putting in solo. There was no hesitation in deciding to go with him to Vanderhoof so that we would be there to help in case he managed to clip his tag. <br />
<br />
On the way to our spot near Vanderhoof, we would have to pass through a number of areas which are open for what I have now termed “Complicated moose” as well as 6 point elk. “Complicated moose” as I have now taken to calling it, means spike-fork, 10 point, or tri-palm moose. This is the ministry’s way of letting you still get out moose hunting in spite of wanting to limit the number of moose taken from an area by creating a relatively low chance of success. Anyways, I bought all the tags I could reasonably think I might punch and started prepping for the trip.<br />
<br />
Just like in 2015, we headed up towards the area so that we would be there and ready for when our friend’s tag became valid on October 1st. However, unlike 2015, there would only be the four of us headed up there this time, compared to the 10 who went on the trip in 2015. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJmPbiAmWH-zTE-lVRuzkJFw1wCzYd_0Y0q7rLomUqP6M3EIaOwmxUSLjeR2kvX9WNAovbzgSnSzkud3YSxvMNC8e6KMXw0TFOTUHKzWh4E8oqX1UBom_go8GwrkTlFZ0V7doY-8ngbjY2/s1600/IMG_6577.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJmPbiAmWH-zTE-lVRuzkJFw1wCzYd_0Y0q7rLomUqP6M3EIaOwmxUSLjeR2kvX9WNAovbzgSnSzkud3YSxvMNC8e6KMXw0TFOTUHKzWh4E8oqX1UBom_go8GwrkTlFZ0V7doY-8ngbjY2/s400/IMG_6577.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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When we got to the campsite, it was just as I had remembered it. There were already a few people camped there, so we took a spot a little further in than we had on the previous trip. Once we finished leveling the trailer, there was still enough time to go out for an evening hunt. I decided to join my friend who had the tag, so we hopped in his tracker and burned out of camp. We headed to the spot where my father in law and his friends had been successful on past trips, the same spot where I got my first moose in 2015. It’s is clearly a hot area.<br />
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<br />
As we started approaching the turnoff to the hot area we slowed to a crawl. The tracker was as nimble as an ATV, and had no trouble with the dips and climbs. As we slowly approached the spot where I got my moose in 2015 our eyes scanned the hill sides and valleys for any sign of moose.<br />
<br />
We continued on a few hundred meters and around the final bend to where the trail ended. We slowly came to a stop and by buddy shut off the tracker. As we sat there in the fading light he rolled down his window and gave a moaning cow call. “MOOSE!” I exclaimed as we both saw the unmistakable movement in the bushes. My heart was pumping. Were we really going to punch a tag on the first hunt of the first day?<br />
<br />
Quickly we realized it was a cow, but we were off to a good start. We stayed there for a while longer and continued to call every 15-20 minutes. Eventually we decided to make our way back to camp.<br />
<br />
When we pulled back to camp we were greeted by the others who were camped there. One was a family with two small daughters, probably 5 and 8, and the other was a father and son and their friend. As we chatted for a while I noticed the two little girls we each holding a grouse. Their mom was showing them how to clean their grouse using the standing on the wings trick. I watched with amusement as these two girls got right in there, gutting and cleaning their grouse. They weren't squeamish at all. Very cool.<br />
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<br />
The following day the father and son were successful and managed to get their moose. As with everyone, they were cagey about saying where they got their moose, but it wasn’t hard to find the gut pile. It was just up the road. They mentioned that they had also been surrounded by wolves while they were field dressing the moose, so the son ended up shooting one of the wolves. It was a huge wolf, a very impressive animal. <br />
<br />
That day my father in law and I decided to drive back to the hot area to see if anything was around. As we hit the first deactivation, my father in law’s new winch dug into the far side of the ditch, causing the truck to come to an abrupt stop. We chatted and decided that I would get out and direct him through so that the winch wouldn’t get hung up again. As I got out of the truck and closed the door I heard what sounded like falling marbles. That couldn’t be good. My father in law heard it too and got out. I watched as he bent down to pick up a shard of glass. That's when we noticed that the rear window of the truck had been broken. So frustrating. We patched it up with plastic and dock tape as best we could and continued on for the rest of the day, but saw no animals.<br />
<br />
The next day we decided to all split up. My father in law and I went up the road to see what we could, maybe get a deer or find the moose for our friend. <br />
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From that day forward, things pretty much blended together. I hiked up and down hills and ridges, scouted new areas, and sat for hours hoping for animals to materialize from the treeline at dawn and dusk. I could tell that the lack of success seeing moose sign, let alone a moose, was discouraging for everyone. We broke up the days with a little grouse hunting, fishing, and had a fantastic grouse curry one of the evenings.<br />
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During those days we saw several whitetail does and fawns. On one of the evenings out with my buddy we saw black bear in the distance, but in spite of having a tag, I decided it was not the time for me to clip that tag. I didn’t want to risk the bear meat or the pelt while we waited for an opportunity for my buddy to get a moose. It was pretty warm at that point and temperature was a factor, so I took a pass. <br />
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Another evening, while my father in law was out hiking, he ended up having a black bear come out of the woods at him. As soon as it saw my father in law, it turned tail and vanished back over the bank.<br />
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The fishing at this spot is unbelievable and worth the trip just for that. We caught a few and had them for lunch to add some variety. We decided to catch our limits the day before heading home, so they would be as fresh as possible for the trip down to the coast.<br />
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After a few days the father and son left along with their friend. Then rolled up "the colonel", as he became known. A retired RCMP officer, who was nice enough, but just seemed to like putting us on the spot, sort of like he was flicking a switch and turning from chummy guy sharing a story to police interrogation. Anyways, he was up there with his wife and she had the moose tag. A few days later they ended up being successful too, but we never did end up figuring out if the gut pile we found belonged to their moose. The location of the gut pile didn’t match their story… perhaps I would have made a good detective. Haha!<br />
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The next couple who rolled into camp was an elderly couple with a camper. They came over and introduced themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses and we exchanged pleasantries. They explained the husband had severe Parkinson's disease and had fallen a number of times recently. They also remarked that we had set up a shower behind a tree. The front was hidden by a tarp, but the back and side facing their camp was open. My buddy’s dad made a joke that we’d give them a good show the next day. They said their goodbyes and retired for the night. My buddy’s dad leaned in and said “Just you watch. If they get a moose they’ll be the first one’s over here asking for help.”<br />
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The shower was a pretty fantastic addition to the camp that year. We heated water with the wood stoves and our friends had brought a little portable shower pump that ran on D cell batteries. We each used it a few times and it really made us feel fresh.<br />
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On one of the next days I returned to camp and saw my father in law working on his generator on the upturned hull of the car-topper boat. The generator wasn’t working and my father in law was tearing down the carburetor. At a certain point a few screws ended up falling into the grass and we managed to find all but one. That generator was deemed to be out of commission and we shared our friends’ Honda 2000i for the rest of the trip.<br />
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For the next few days we drove, walked, hiked, and glassed. I saw nothing. If it wasn’t so much fun just to be out there it would have been very discouraging. <br />
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A few days later we were returning to camp in the evening and saw our friend’s truck heading out of camp. We pulled up to them hoping to hear that they got a moose. There was a moose down alright, but it was the old couple who had gotten it, right in the middle of the road, and surprise surprise, they needed a hand loading it into the truck <br />
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My father in law and I decided to go along and help as well. As we dropped off some stuff back at camp, we discussed not taking the blocks and gear since they had assured us they had everything they needed to pull out the moose. We decided to bring the gear anyways. <br />
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We arrived expecting the moose to be field dressed and just ready for some extra muscle to get into the back of a pickup. We were wrong. The moose was there, 30m up into the treeline, uphill thank goodness, and my buddy was getting ready to start gutting it. Right away there were too many chefs in the kitchen so my father in law decided to supervise and make sure no one got hurt. My biggest fear was that one of us would get hurt, ending our hunt, from helping someone who really had no business being out in the bush anymore. It became clear within moments that the old man and his wife could never have hauled this moose out without our help. They had no gear, but what’s more, they were so physically unable that they could not have done it themselves even if they had the proper equipment.<br />
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Once the beast was gutted we rigged up a block to haul it out of the trees down into the bed of my buddy’s truck. In the haste, people were more eager to hurry than do it right, resulting in the rope breaking a few times. At that point the wife of the old couple remarked to my father in law that the rope must not be that strong. It was in fact rated to over 2000 lbs and it was the fact that the block was not free to sit correctly that the rope was being pulled against the edge of the block, which in turn, cut the rope like a knife. I could see the frustration in my father in law’s eyes or it might have just been the reflection of my own frustration. <br />
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After re-rigging we slowly dragged the moose down and into my buddy’s truck bed. As he started pulling out it was clear his bumper was caught on a rock and the mud was not affording him much traction. The last thing we needed now was a ruined truck because of doing a good deed. We managed to free the bumper and we all headed back to camp. <br />
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When we got back my friend’s dad made it clear that we wouldn’t be skinning it tonight, we had hunting to do the next morning and would give the elderly man an hand skinning and hanging it the next day around noon.<br />
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After the elderly couple retired to bed, we made more than a few jokes about packing up in the night, clipping my buddy’s tag, and heading home. … only half jokingly. Anyways, we got back to hunting the next day, no one was injured and no gear was damaged by the good deed, and the old couple even ended up giving my buddy a hind quarter for all his work. It was well deserved, but still a ridiculous situation none the less.<br />
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Later in the week a few of familiar faces showed up, the same two gents who we met for the first time there in 2015, Jim and Doug. Two good old boys with the right attitude and some good stories. They are the two who had the Suzuki samurai which we think bumped the grizzly in 2015 and set it on the path towards my father in law.<br />
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The next morning my father in law decided we would head back down the road to the area where he had been charged by the grizzly bear. We had seen a few does and fawns down there earlier in the week and we had tags to punch. We left camp around 7:00am. We got to the end of the road out of the rec site and turned right. As we started to speed up my father in law joked that maybe we should try road hunting as fast as my buddy drives his tracker, and wouldn’t you know it, a moment later, less than 100 meters from the turnoff to camp, my father in law looked at me and said he just saw a buck in the clearing that we had just flew past. He gradually slowed down the truck and we both got out, loaded our rifles, and I started walking back down the road. On hindsight I feel badly to this day that I didn’t think to insist that my father in law go after this buck. As I started to walk up a little side road around the clearing I looked at my father in law and he signaled, pointed and whispered to me to stay on the main road. I followed his instructions and continued down the main road as my father in law stood by the side road. <br />
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As I approached the clearing I started to be able to make out the shape of a deer through the brush. I continued to creep forward, one step after another, trying not to spook the deer. He was looking right at me and I could see his rack. I found a little opening and tried to steady myself. This would have to be an offhand shot. I hate those, I never practice them, I really should. The buck was at no more than 20 metres from me, looking straight at me. I chose my spot, found the pause in my breath, and slowly increased pressure until the trigger broke. BOOM!<br />
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I expected to see something as I lowered my rifle, but I could not. There was no movement and no deer visible from the road. Doubt began to creep into my mind and I thought that I must have missed. How could I have missed at 20 metres? I began to walk around the brush to the entrance of the clearing and there he was, a nice little whitetail buck.<br />
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After the obligatory photos, we set to work field dressing. We set him on the back of the tail gate of the truck and headed back to camp. As we pulled in we were greeted by curiosity. No one had heard the shot in spite of the proximity to camp. We hung the buck and by 8:30am we were all finished up with him and having another cup of coffee around the fire.<br />
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For the rest of the trip we continued to try to find a moose for my buddy. I spent a few long evenings up on a ridge which looks out over the valley, trying to glass up some activity so we could make a plan. It seemed as though everyone else had been lucky and gotten their moose, basically on a road, but all we had seen the whole trip was the cow on the first day.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Not my photo. Thank you <span class="irc_dsh"><a class="o5rIVb irc_hol i3724 irc_lth" data-noload="" data-ved="2ahUKEwid3qvNz7HeAhUG3lQKHaJaBosQjB16BAgBEAQ" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/wolverine" rel="noopener" tabindex="0" target="_blank"><span class="irc_ho" dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Encyclopedia Britannica</span></a></span></td></tr>
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On one of the last days we decided once again to head down the road to what has since become known as grizzly flats. On the way there, just before the first of the two turnoffs that leads to grizzly flats, we rounded a corning and saw what looked like a black bear cub. My father in law and I both lifted out binos at the same time, and almost in unison exclaimed “A wolverine!”. We felt truly lucky to have seen such an elusive animal. We watched him for a while until he trundled over the bank.<br />
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On one of the evenings towards the end of the trip, after having hiked up the ridge and glassed for the whole afternoon unsuccessfully, I was walking back down the road towards where I had parked the ATV when one of the guys from a neighbouring camp rolled up. We chatted for a bit, but neither of us had seen anything. I couldn’t help but notice his bubba mug from which he was continuously sipping and a truck bed full of dozens of empty 2 litre bottles of Captain Morgan’s. Was he drinking? I couldn’t be sure. Was he sober? He sure seemed to be. Not a hint of inebriation. Impressively high functioning or just keeping his recycling close at hand. I’ll never know, but I do have my suspicions. Haha. Just one of the many random and funny encounters in the bush. We said our goodbyes and I headed back to camp.<br />
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At the end of the trip, as the elderly couple were packing up, they thanked us again for our help and mentioned that they would preach to us next time if they ran into us again. No, thank you. We spent the last couple days hunting and fishing to catch our limit. We didn’t end up getting my buddy his moose, but he went home with a hind quarter and we got a white tail and tons of troubt. It had been another great trip.Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5616279344529972346.post-24500547510464024752018-08-24T09:02:00.002-07:002018-08-24T09:19:17.184-07:00Summer is Almost Over: Scouting, Preparing for Fall, and Elk Calls<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">7:30pm free-handed through binos</td></tr>
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Summer is ending quickly and hunting season will soon be here. Life has a funny way of getting in the way when it comes to things like scouting and preparing for the hunting season. At the beginning of summer I always have these grand plans to scout every other weekend and really get out there. This year, like last year, has allowed me few weekends to prepare for the fall. I really only managed to get out there for one and a half good days of scouting this off-season. Once, earlier in the spring and again just this last weekend where I managed to spot a moose just at dusk. <br />
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My list to prepare for the upcoming season is long and there is little time before I head north on September 16th to try to find an elk with my father in law. Between now and then I have to:<br />
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1) Get the range at least twice more. Once just to practice shooting skills and a second time to put a half dozen fouling shots through my rifle and confirm the zero after a final cleaning. The first 3 shots after I clean the rifle have a very different point of impact than once it has been fouled.<br />
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2) Prepare 5-6 meals ahead of time for the trip. We usually prepare and freeze meals before trips so that after a long day of hunting there is an easy dinner that just needs to be heated up waiting for you at camp.<br />
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3) Learn to ride a Honda 90 dirt bike. We're considering taking a Honda 90 dirt bike with us to help get us deeper, faster, to help scout this new area we are going to. The only trick is, I have never ridden a dirt bike before. We're likely heading up to some trails this weekend.<br />
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4) Gear prep and packing. There is always a lot of gear to go through and decide whether or not it will make the cut and come along or stay at home. With the trailer, its easy to bring too much gear. I'm going to try to keep it as light as possible this year, keeping gear to a minimum to help make setting up camp as quick and easy as possible.<br />
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5) Practice elk calling. I've been practicing with a variety of Primos calling products. In order, from easiest to hardest for me. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Primos Hoochie Mama Cow Elk Call</td></tr>
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Without a doubt, the Hoochie Mama is the easiest call. You can adjust the length by twisting the black tip in and out to get longer notes or shorter notes. It is simply a matter of putting your thumb over the hole in the grey bellows and squeezing. It gives a convincing elk chirp which sounds exactly like the elk communication I heard in the Squamish River valley last winter. Easy to use. I hope its effective.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0nxrxJQXSqikfSjWu-1LOga8MiH1Sju39cBVhv4rWD5r7VpbHne4bWnRri0P1cOHZ4an1B4sFZfbnl-NdSaGhODJdqdyefic9EfjHQ_A65RlMZkZWC8B_TqZjXtRxmQyIHUbmrjIsMxlw/s1600/elk+call.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="601" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0nxrxJQXSqikfSjWu-1LOga8MiH1Sju39cBVhv4rWD5r7VpbHne4bWnRri0P1cOHZ4an1B4sFZfbnl-NdSaGhODJdqdyefic9EfjHQ_A65RlMZkZWC8B_TqZjXtRxmQyIHUbmrjIsMxlw/s320/elk+call.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Primos Super Pack Elk Call Bugle</td></tr>
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I bought this call in a pack with a DVD on elk calling, the Hoochie Mama, and a Top Pin diaphragm. After watching the DVD it is now really easy to use this call to make a convincing bull elk bugle. The hardest part is to get to the highest register of pitch with this call, but overall, very easy to use.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB_mUPXRUpH_BHNC2uXkpZYPhm2jaeTh3o46wTXUEOYYI6DV2KKfZWIM6j8tgWzCkOSMUVyWPe7sWVEcOtWtL876MSEBaLz2a4sE2tJfhmKrw49rBGeok4AYt94IvVAv3AWG4omx6xFbT4/s1600/s-l640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="515" data-original-width="515" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB_mUPXRUpH_BHNC2uXkpZYPhm2jaeTh3o46wTXUEOYYI6DV2KKfZWIM6j8tgWzCkOSMUVyWPe7sWVEcOtWtL876MSEBaLz2a4sE2tJfhmKrw49rBGeok4AYt94IvVAv3AWG4omx6xFbT4/s320/s-l640.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Primos Money Maker Diaphragm Call </td></tr>
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It took me several days of practice just to be able to make a noise with a diaphragm. It really felt like I was going to gag for the first long while. This takes tons of practice to sound good so I decided to keep the diaphragm in my car so I can practice while I am commuting. It is easier to make bull bugles than convincing cow chirps. The cow chirps start off well but I can't seem to be consistent about ending them on a low note. The Hoochie Mama call is what I am trying to copy with this Diaphragm, I would say that I am 70% there.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlfhMmMKdQsKrp1V3OswCtm9wk3BUc8ncdOMEq29s5pDQ3FEbt5oRUwehGuYxUdLP4IF2hwgy_INnU3xigbaj6n0UWrUpDCyi3_j6WI0eSuibf4njv8h-SA0OCy24BIau9p2e2ZwczQPz/s1600/Elk+3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="706" data-original-width="553" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWlfhMmMKdQsKrp1V3OswCtm9wk3BUc8ncdOMEq29s5pDQ3FEbt5oRUwehGuYxUdLP4IF2hwgy_INnU3xigbaj6n0UWrUpDCyi3_j6WI0eSuibf4njv8h-SA0OCy24BIau9p2e2ZwczQPz/s320/Elk+3.JPG" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Primos Long Range Imaka Da BullCrazy Elk Call</td></tr>
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I have no idea how to make this one sound right. It really seems to make a good sound at first, but then when I try to end the chirp, I just can't figure out what I am doing wrong. I have tried gently sliding the call and tapering off my breath. It is the hardest of all. I am no where close to getting a good sound out of this one yet. Any suggestions are appreciated.<br />
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Lots to keep busy with until the season opens!Alex Johnsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07236173904684898325noreply@blogger.com2